PHP编程语法的三个魅力之处
我发现很多的PHP程序员,尤其是学习还不是很久的,都不知道PHP的精华所在。Perl当年如何在商界出名?其强大的正则表达式。而PHP呢?他是一门从Unix下发展起来的语言,当然也就继承了Perl的很多特点,同时C的优点都有。快速、简洁、明了,尤其是C程序员,PHP是至爱,我就是深爱着"PHP"(都忘了女友了:))。这里,我想来写一篇PHP的变量、数组应用技巧和PHP的正则表达式、PHP的模板应用,以后有时间再写PHP与COM、PHP与XML的完全结合。
变量、数组的应用技巧
很多人用得不多的数组函数。foreach、list、each。分别举几个例子,应该就能知道了。例:
<?php $data = array('a' => 'data1', 'b' => 'data2', 'c' => 'data3'); while(list($subscript, $value) = each($data)) { echo "$subscript => $value :: "; echo "$subscript => $value <br />"; } reset($data); foreach($data as $subscript => $value) { echo "$subscript => $value :: "; echo "$subscript => $value <br />"; } ?>
函数的变量、变量的变量、变量的"指针":
<?php //变量的变量 $var = "this is a var"; $varname = "var"; echo $$varname; //函数的变量 function fun1($str) { echo $str; } $funname = "fun1"; $funname("This is a function !"); ?>
变量的"指针"。这个指针加上了双引号,表明他不是真正的指针。
<?php function($a) { $a ++; } $c = 0; function($c); echo $c; //$c仍为0 function(&$a) { $a ++; } $c = 0; echo $c; //$c为1 ?>
之所以称其为"指针",就是因为他有了和C语言中指针相同的功能。但这又不是真正的指针,只能够是这样的去理解。
正则表达式
正则表达式是一个非常大的题目,Perl的正则表达式的强大是闻了名的。而PHP也不弱,他继承了Perl的正则表达式法则,还有自己的一套法则。这里只说PHP自己的正则表达式。
正则表达式是最基本的元素。简单地说就是一套规则,用于去判定其它的元素是不是符合自身的规则,或者说是不是有相同的特征描述。
正则表达式的开始符:^,结尾符$,这两个符号间的是匹配的元素。如检查一个电话号码是不是打往北京的号,用正则表达式表示就是"^010$"。只要前3位区号是010,就是北京的号,后面的电话号码就不用管了。然后,用正则表达式匹配函数ereg来判断,例:
<?php $pattern = "^010$"; $phone = "01080718828"; if(ereg($pattern, $phone)) echo "打往北京的号"; else echo "不是打往北京的号"; ?>
这就是正则表达式。北京的电话都是8位数字的,那我要知道这个号码是不是正确了?假如他按了9位号呢?如果判断正误?这就要用到正则表达式的字符簇。那么 上例的正则表达式就要这样写:^010[0-9]{8}$,就能同时判断号码是不是符合规则。正则表达式有很多的应用,像LBB、VBB论坛在发贴时的所 谓VBB代码LBB代码的解析,都是用正则表达式完成的。
模板
知道了正则表达式的功能,那么就可以知道模板了。什么是模板?举个例子吧?一般写网页用到了后台程序的时候,都是在网页里面插入程序代码。如PHP。这就是HTML和PHP的混写。这样的优点是读取速度快,缺点是如果大家分工合作做网站,那么非程序员就不会改网了。
而用模板,则可以达到分工的最合理化。美工只做页面,程序只写后台,然后再合起来。优秀的Jsp提供了自定义标签的功能很好地完成了模板功能。而主流的PHP如何做到呢?就是利用正则表达式来做到的。可以去网上下载一个PHPLIB,里面的PHP目录下有一个template.inc的源代码文件,那就是用PHP实现模板套用的类。

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