PHP缓存技术详解
WEB程序获取信息的方式主要是查询数据库,当数据库不是很大的情况下不会有太大的问题.然而,随着网站的发展,数据库呈几何级数的方式增长的时候,就会出现瓶颈.于是PHP缓存技术诞生了。PHP缓存包括PHP编译缓存和PHP数据缓存两种。
PHP是一种解释型语言,属于边编译边运行的那种。这种运行模式的优点是程序修改很方便,但是运行效率却很低下。PHP编译缓存针对这种情况做改进处理,使得PHP语言只要运行一次,就可以把程序的编译结果缓存起来。这样,接下来的每次运行都不需要再次编译了,这大大提高PHP运行速度。
PHP数据缓存运用于PHP实际开发之中针对数据处理进行缓存,主要两大方向为:针对数据库数据进行缓存和针对PHP模板数据进行缓存。
PHP编译缓存:目前最常见的PHP编译缓存工具有:APC,Accelerator,xcache(国产)等。
PHP是一种解释型语言,在PHP语言执行代码的时候,需要下面两步:
1、编译过程。PHP读取文件,并编译该文件,然后生成能够在Zend Engine虚拟机上执行的中间码。
2、执行过程。PHP直接执行中间码。
以下两种情况,会导致PHP运行程序代码效率低下:
1、即使PHP代码文件没有发生改变,也会被PHP重新编译。
2、如有引用文件,PHP也要花费时间重新编译这些被引用的文件。因此,需要PHP编译缓存工具对PHP程序的编译结果做缓存处理。这样,PHP程序只要编译一次,就不要重新再做无意义的编译了。
PHP数据缓存:PHP的数据缓存包括针对数据库数据进行缓存和针对PHP模板数据进行缓存。针对数据库数据进行缓存的工具有memcache等。针对PHP模板数据进行缓存的工具主要有smarty等。
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