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PHP接口与抽象学习实例
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PHP接口与抽象学习实例

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:28 AM
php and and study Example abstract interface of

PHP接口与抽象学习实例

   每次学习到接口和抽象的时候,都会犯蒙,搞不懂他们两个之间到底有什么区别和用途。今天就搬着书本整理下思路拿出来,希望对新学习PHP的朋友们有所帮助。

  1.php 接口类:interface

  其实他们的作用很简单,当有很多人一起开发一个项目时,可能都会去调用别人写的一些类,那你就会问,我怎么知道他的某个功能的实现方法是怎么命名的呢,这个时候php接口类就起到作用了,当我们定义了一个接口类时,它里面的方式是下面的子类必须实现的,比如 :

  代码如下:

  interface Shop

  {

  public function buy($gid);

  public function sell($gid);

  public function view($gid);

  }

  我声明一个shop接口类,定义了三个方法:买(buy),卖(sell),看(view),那么继承此类的所有子类都必须实现这3个方法少一个都不行,如果子类没有实现这些话,就无法运行。实际上接口类说白了,就是一个类的模板,一个类的规定,如果你属于这类,你就必须遵循我的规定,少一个都不行,但是具体你怎么去做,我不管,那是你的事,如:

  代码如下:

  class BaseShop implements Shop

  {

  public function buy($gid)

  {

  echo('你购买了ID为 :'.$gid.'的商品');

  }

  public function sell($gid)

  {

  echo('你卖了ID为 :'.$gid.'的商品');

  }

  public function view($gid)

  {

  echo('你查看了ID为 :'.$gid.'的商品');

  }

  }

  你想想,在一个多人合作的大项目里面,有了接口类是多么的方便,这样你就不用去问别人,你的某某功能的方法名是什么了,当然如果你们喜欢这样我也没有办法。

  结论 : 接口类就是一个类的领导者,指明方向,子类必须完成它指定方法。

  2.php 抽象类 : abstract

  其实抽象类和接口类有一部分很像,抽象类的作用是,当你发现你的很多类里面用很多方法你不断的在重复写,那你就可以考虑使用抽象类了,你可能会说“我不是可以重写一个类每个公共类我个实例化一个这个公共类,调用相同的方法就可以了”,这里是可以,实际上抽象类做的工作也就是这个,不过他省去了你实例化的这个步骤,让你就像直接调用本类方法一样方便,而且你还可以重载这个方法。如:

  代码如下:

  abstract class BaseShop

  {

  public function buy($gid)

  {

  echo('你购买了ID为 :'.$gid.'的商品');

  }

  public function sell($gid)

  {

  echo('你卖了ID为 :'.$gid.'的商品');

  }

  public function view($gid)

  {

  echo('你查看了ID为 :'.$gid.'的商品');

  }

  }

  class BallShop extends BaseShop

  {

  var $itme_id = null;

  public function __construct()

  {

  $this->itme_id = 2314;

  }

  public function open()

  {

  $this->sell($this->itme_id);

  }

  }

  这里是一个例子,想上面一样我定义了一个商店类,抽出了它所有像的部分,买(buy),卖(sell),看(view),并且抽象类里都实现了这些方法,那么继承它的子类就自动获得了这些方法,子类就做它自己独特的东西,介绍代码的重复,提高复用性。

  最后总结一下: 抽象类就是一个类的服务提供商,拥有众多服务,你不用必须用,当需要的时候你来用就可以,如果你觉得不提供服务不满意,你还可以自己来做。

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