细说php(七) 面向对象编程
细说php(七) 面向对象编程
一、类的声明与对象初始化
1.1 在类中声明成员属性时: 前面必须有修饰词, 当不知道使用那个时, 就使用var, 如果知道使用那一个修饰关键字, 就不使用var了
var $color;
var $name = "zhangsan"
1.2 一个文件只保存一个类, 文件名中包含类名, 如:类名.class.php
person.class.php
1.3 使用new关键字来创建对象, 创建了一个对象就在内存中分配一个空间 $对象引用 = new 类名;
$person = new Person
<?php class Person { var $name; // Java: private String name; var $age; var $sex; function say() { echo $this->name; } } $p1 = new Person; // Java: Person person = new Person; $p1->name = "lisi"; // Java: person.name = "lisi"; $p1->say(); // Java: person.say(); ?>
a. 栈内存: 存放局部变量
b. 堆内存: 存放对象
c. 共享区: 存放静态变量
d. 代码段: 存放方法等
二、构造函数和析构函数
2.1 构造函数:
a. 构造方法是对象创建完成之后, 第一个自动调用的方法
b. 在PHP4中, 和类同名的方法就是构造方法
c. 在PHP5中, 构造方法选择使用魔术方法 __construct() , 所有类中声明构造方法都使用这个名称
优点: 在改变类名时构造方法不用改变
d. 构造方法的作用: 为成员属性初始化
<?php class Person { var $name; var $age; var $sex; function __construct($name="", $age=0, $sex="男"){ $this->name=$name; $this->age=$age; $this->sex=$sex; } function say(){ echo "我的名子:{$this->name},我的年龄:{$this->age},我的性别:{$this->sex}。<br>"; } } $p1=new Person("zhangsan", 20, "女"); $p2=new Person("lisi", 25); $p3=new Person("wangwu"); $p1->say(); $p2->say(); $p3->say(); ?>
2.2 析构函数:
a. 析构函数是指当对象被释放之前最后一个自动调用的方法
b. 和Java一样, PHP也使用垃圾回收器释放资源, 只不过PHP调用后马上回收, 而Java不是.
c. 析构函数的作用: 关闭一些资源, 做一些清理工作, 使用魔术方法 __destruct()
<?php class Person { var $name; var $age; var $sex; function __construct($name="", $age=0, $sex="男"){ $this->name=$name; $this->age=$age; $this->sex=$sex; } function say(){ echo "我的名子:{$this->name},我的年龄:{$this->age},我的性别:{$this->sex}。<br>"; } function __destruct(){ echo $this->name."再见!<br>"; } } $p1=new Person("zhangsan", 20, "女"); $p1->say(); $p1 = null; // 我的名子:zhangsan,我的年龄:20,我的性别:女。 // zhangsan再见! ?>
魔术方法是系统给我们提供好的, 在不同时刻为完成某一功能而自动调用的方法, 不同的魔术方法有不同的调用时机
魔术方法以 __ 开头
__construct(); // 构造函数
__destruct(); // 析构函数
__set();
__get();
__isset();
__unset();
__clone();
__call();
__sleep();
__weakup();
__toString()
__autoload();

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