PHP八大安全函数解析
PHP八大安全函数解析
在现代互联网中,我们经常要 从世界各地的用户中获得输入数据。但是,我们都知道“永远不能相信那些用户输入的数据”。所以在各种的Web开发语言中,都会提供保证用户输入数据安全的函数。在PHP中,有些非常有用并且方便的函数,它们可以帮助你的网站防止出现像SQL注入攻击,XSS攻击等问题。当然在PHP代码编写中IDE如:PhpStorm 、Zend Studio )会有函数的高亮显示,来确保开发人员的使用,也有人使用代码混淆工具来保护这些函数或代码如:Zend Guard),这些手段都是用来确保PHP函数的使用和安全的。今天我们主要是来看看这些函数到底是怎么定义与工作的。
1. mysql_real_escape_string()
这个函数对于在PHP中防止SQL注入攻击很有帮助,它对特殊的字符,像单引号和双引号,加上了“反斜杠”,确保用户的输入在用它去查询以前已经是安全的了。但你要注意你是在连接着数据库的情况下使用这个函数。
但现在mysql_real_escape_string()这个函数基本不用了,所有新的应用开发都应该使用像PDO这样的库对数据库进行操作,也就是说,我们可以使用现成的语句防止SQL注入攻击。
2. addslashes()
这个函数和上面的mysql_real_escape_string()很相似。但要注意当设置文件php.ini中的magic_quotes_gpc 的值为“on”时,不要使用这个函数。默认情况下, magic_quotes_gpc 为 on,对所有的 GET、POST 和 COOKIE 数据 自动运行 addslashes()。不要对已经被 magic_quotes_gpc 转义过的字符串使用 addslashes(),因为这样会导致 双层转义。你可以通过PHP中get_magic_quotes_gpc()函数检查这个变量的值。
3. htmlentities()
这个函数对过滤用户输入数据非常有用,它可以把字符转换为 HTML 实体。比如,当用户输入字符“
4. htmlspecialchars()
HTML中的一些字符有着特殊的含义,如果要体现这样的含义,就要被转换为HTML实体,这个函数会返回转换后的字符串,比如,‘&’amp会转为‘&’。
5. strip_tags()
这个函数可以去除字符串中所有的HTML,JavaScript和PHP标签,当然你也可以通过设置该函数的第二个参数,让一些特定的标签出现。
6. md5()
一些开发者存储的密码非常简单,这从安全的角度上看是不好的,md5()函数可以产生给定字符串的32个字符的md5散列,而且这个过程不可逆,即你不能从md5()的结果得到原始字符串。
7. sha1()
这个函数和上面的md5()相似,但是它使用了不同的算法,产生的是40个字符的SHA-1散列md5产生的是32个字符的散列)。
8. intval()
不要笑,我知道这不是一个和安全相关的函数,它是在将变量转成整数类型。但是,你可以用这个函数让你的PHP代码更安全,特别是当你在解析id,年龄这样的数据时。

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