Composer PHP 依赖管理工具,composerphp
Composer PHP 依赖管理工具,composerphp
composer 是 PHP 用来管理依赖(dependency)关系的工具。你可以在自己的项目中声明所依赖的外部工具库(libraries),Composer 会帮你安装这些依赖的库文件。
依赖管理:
Composer 不是一个包管理器。是的,它涉及 "packages" 和 "libraries",但它在每个项目的基础上进行管理,在你项目的某个目录中(例如 vendor)进行安装。默认情况下它不会在全局安装任何东西。因此,这仅仅是一个依赖管理。
这种想法并不新鲜,Composer 受到了 node's npm 和 ruby's bundler 的强烈启发。而当时 PHP 下并没有类似的工具。
Composer 将这样为你解决问题:
a) 你有一个项目依赖于若干个库。
b) 其中一些库依赖于其他库。
c) 你声明你所依赖的东西。
d) Composer 会找出哪个版本的包需要安装,并安装它们(将它们下载到你的项目中)。
系统要求
运行 Composer 需要 PHP 5.3.2+ 以上版本。一些敏感的 PHP 设置和编译标志也是必须的,但对于任何不兼容项安装程序都会抛出警告。
我们将从包的来源直接安装,而不是简单的下载 zip 文件,你需要 git 、 svn 或者 hg ,这取决于你载入的包所使用的版本管理系统。
Composer 是多平台的,我们努力使它在 Windows 、 Linux 以及 OSX 平台上运行的同样出色。
安装 - Windows
使用安装程序
这是将 Composer 安装在你机器上的最简单的方法。
下载并且运行 Composer-Setup.exe (https://getcomposer.org/Composer-Setup.exe),它将安装最新版本的 Composer ,并设置好系统的环境变量,因此你可以在任何目录下直接使用 composer 命令。
手动安装
这使 composer.phar 安装在 E:/composer 目录下:
cmd
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\wangyulu>E:
E:\>cd composer
E:\composer>php -r "readfile('https://getcomposer.org/installer');" | php
#!/usr/bin/env php
All settings correct for using Composer
Downloading...
Composer successfully installed to: E:\composer\composer.phar
Use it: php composer.phar
--- 这里执行完毕后,会创建 composer.phar 文件 ---
E:\composer>composer -V
'composer' 不是内部或外部命令,也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。
--- 这时执行 composer -V 查看是否安装成功,则会报以上错误,这时我们只需要在系统环境变量中添加 composer.phar 所在的文件目录即可---
--- E:\composer 添加到系统环境变量里 ---
E:\composer>composer -V
Could not open input file: E:\composer\composer.phar-V
--- 这时执行查看命令则又会报以上错误,这时只需要再创建一个 composer.bat 文件就可以了 ---
E:\composer>echo @php "%~dp0composer.phar" %*>composer.bat
--- 这时会我们会发现在E:\composer目录中会创建一个 composer.bat 批处理文件 ---
E:\composer>composer -V
Composer version 1.0-dev (ea037305499d300f3a534b36a62abcdd1ba3479d) 2015-04-24 1
0:08:11
--- 此时我们执行以上代码会发现一个版本号,这时我们就安装成功了 ---
--- 这时我们用 monolog 日志记录组件写个测试案例 ---
E:\composer>composer require "monolog/monolog:1.2.*"
./composer.json has been created
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
- Installing monolog/monolog (1.2.1)
Downloading: 100%
monolog/monolog suggests installing mlehner/gelf-php (Allow sending log messages
to a GrayLog2 server)
monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-amqp (Allow sending log messages to an A
MQP server (1.0+ required))
monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-mongo (Allow sending log messages to a M
ongoDB server)
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
--- 执行以上代码我们会发现,E:\composer 目录里又多一些文件如下: ---
以下为测试代码 :
require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use Monolog\Logger; use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler; // create a log channel $log = new Logger('个人中心模块'); $log->pushHandler(new StreamHandler('your.log', Logger::WARNING)); // add records to the log $log->addWarning('获取信息失败'); $log->addError('参数错误'); $log = new Logger('登录注册模块'); $log->pushHandler(new StreamHandler('your.txt', Logger::WARNING)); $log->addWarning('登录失败'); $log->addError('获取信息失败');
代码运行结果如下:
上面一处生成 composer.json 是用命令生成的,其实也可以手动创建:
这里手动创建一个 composer.json 在里面输入如下:
{ "require": { "monolog/monolog": "1.0.*" } }
其它这是一个 monolog 的一个配置项, 最后我们在 E:\composer> 执行:
composer install 则也可以安装 monolog
至此关于 composer 的安装与 monolog 日志记录工具的案例测试到这里就结束了。文中如有错误地方,望能指出,热爱分享,热爱生活!
以上概念性文字来源于 composer 中文网,案例来源于个人。

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