PHP用mb_string函数库处理与windows相关中文字符及Win环境下开启PHP Mb_String方法,
PHP用mb_string函数库处理与windows相关中文字符及Win环境下开启PHP Mb_String方法,
PHP用mb_string函数库处理与windows相关中文字符
昨天想批处理以前下载的一堆文件,把文件里的关键内容用正则匹配出来,集中处理。在操作文件时遇到一个问题,就是windows操作系统中的编码问题。
我们都知道windows中(当然是中文版),文件名和文件内容等编码都是gbk,而我们在开发过程中,IDE里的编码则是UTF-8,(这里不讨论为什么等等问题,
只考虑怎么把编码转变成一样的)所以导致我写的UTF-8编码的正则模式字符串中的中文在gbk编码的文件中并不能正确匹配。
一开始,我并没有什么办法,试过把PHP脚本文件的编码也改成GBK,也可以用,但是想到这种方法太low了,所以找一找PHP中有没有函数可以满足我的需求。
这时,我想到了以前在处理windows中的文件名时用的函数iconv(),其函数原型如下:
string iconv ( string $in_charset , string $out_charset , string $str ) Performs a character set conversion on the string str from in_charset to out_charset.
我们常使用:
$out_charset='utf-8'; $fileName=iconv($fileName,$out_charset,'gbk');
来处理文件名,将文件名改从gbk改为UTF-8而内容不变。
手册翻译附加:
如果你在输出字符串$out_charset后面添加//TRANSLIT即$out_charset='utf-8//TRANSLIT',在遇到不能转换为UTF-8的字符时,程序会自动替换为一个相似字符的UTF-8字符;
如果你在输出字符串$out_charset后面添加//IGNORE即$out_charset='utf-8//IGNORE',在遇到不能转换为UTF-8的字符时,程序会自动跳过这个字符。
如果你什么都没加,就在遇到不能替换成UTF-8的字符时,替换会被中断。
但是,我在用这个函数处理时,结果却是这样:
意思是iconv()函数能处理的最大字符数只有64,一般的文件名大小,而我的文件内容很显然不止64个字符。
没有办法,我只好再次各种翻找别的函数。
直到我发现了mb_string函数库,这个函数库一般都在PHP环境里集成,我们可以在phpinfo()里找到它。
mb_string函数里有一个mb_convert_encoding()函数,可以将一个字符串的编码改变,其函数原型如下:
string mb_convert_encoding ( string $str , string $to_encoding [, mixed $from_encoding ] ) Converts the character encoding of string str to to_encoding from optionally from_encoding.
基原型跟iconv()函数差不多,只是它没有对输出函数的后缀修饰,它也没有对字符串长度的明确限制。
而且我们看到$from_encoding是可选的,它可以自动识别源编码。
因为找不到一个确切的无法转码的字符,也不知道它遇到无法转码的字符会怎么处理。
通过mb_convert_encoding()函数,将整个文件处理了一下,于是,问题顺利解决。
最后介绍一下mb_string函数库,它全名叫Multibyte String,它的很多方法都扩展自PHP自身的string函数库,函数名在原函数的前面加了"mb_",这些函数除了拥有原函数的作用外,还在可选参数的最后加入了一个$encoding的可选参数,这个参数可以规定函数以什么样的编码方式来处理字符串。
例如strpos()函数,找到一个字符串在另一个字符串中的位置。
strpos("欢迎来访问","问",0)返回的结果是12,因为脚本是UTF-8编码,而将字符串转为UTF-8编码后,每个中文字符会占用3个字节。
而在mb_strpos()函数中,mb_strpos("欢迎来访问","问",0,'utf-8')则会返回4,它会将字符串当作已经转UTF-8的状态执行。
而mb_strpos("欢迎来访问","问",0,'gbk')会返回6
当然,它还有更多有特色的地方~
下面给大家介绍Windows环境下开启PHP Mb_String方法
前几天跑一个Php程序,需要转字符编码,可是一探服务器,居然说不支持Mb_String扩展。我查了Php的扩展库里是有php_mbstring.dll这个文件的。
下面将打开的方法告诉大家
1.确保你的Windows/system32下有php_mbstring.dll这个文件,没有就从你Php安装目录extensions里拷入Windows/system32里面。
2.在windows目录下找到php.ini打开编辑,搜索mbstring.dll,找到
;extension=php_mbstring.dll
然后将前面的;号去掉,打开对组件的支持
3.重启PHP服务(如果不会你可重新启一下计算机)
4.完成

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