PHP用mb_string函数库处理与windows相关中文字符,
PHP用mb_string函数库处理与windows相关中文字符,
昨天想批处理以前下载的一堆文件,把文件里的关键内容用正则匹配出来,集中处理。在操作文件时遇到一个问题,就是windows操作系统中的编码问题。
我们都知道windows中(当然是中文版),文件名和文件内容等编码都是gbk,而我们在开发过程中,IDE里的编码则是UTF-8,(这里不讨论为什么等等问题,
只考虑怎么把编码转变成一样的)所以导致我写的UTF-8编码的正则模式字符串中的中文在gbk编码的文件中并不能正确匹配。
一开始,我并没有什么办法,试过把PHP脚本文件的编码也改成GBK,也可以用,但是想到这种方法太low了,所以找一找PHP中有没有函数可以满足我的需求。
这时,我想到了以前在处理windows中的文件名时用的函数iconv(),其函数原型如下:
<p>string iconv ( string $in_charset , string $out_charset , string $str )</p> <p>Performs a character set conversion on the string str from in_charset to out_charset. </p>
我们常使用:
<span>$out_charset</span>='utf-8'<span>; </span><span>$fileName</span>=<span>iconv</span>(<span>$fileName</span>,<span>$out_charset</span>,'gbk');
来处理文件名,将文件名改从gbk改为UTF-8而内容不变。
手册翻译附加:
- 如果你在输出字符串$out_charset后面添加//TRANSLIT即$out_charset='utf-8//TRANSLIT',在遇到不能转换为UTF-8的字符时,程序会自动替换为一个相似字符的UTF-8字符;
- 如果你在输出字符串$out_charset后面添加//IGNORE即$out_charset='utf-8//IGNORE',在遇到不能转换为UTF-8的字符时,程序会自动跳过这个字符。
- 如果你什么都没加,就在遇到不能替换成UTF-8的字符时,替换会被中断。
但是,我在用这个函数处理时,结果却是这样:
意思是iconv()函数能处理的最大字符数只有64,一般的文件名大小,而我的文件内容很显然不止64个字符。
没有办法,我只好再次各种翻找别的函数。
直到我发现了mb_string函数库,这个函数库一般都在PHP环境里集成,我们可以在phpinfo()里找到它。
mb_string函数里有一个mb_convert_encoding()函数,可以将一个字符串的编码改变,其函数原型如下:
<p>string mb_convert_encoding ( string $str , string $to_encoding [, mixed $from_encoding ] )</p> <p>Converts the character encoding of string str to to_encoding from optionally from_encoding. </p>
基原型跟iconv()函数差不多,只是它没有对输出函数的后缀修饰,它也没有对字符串长度的明确限制。
而且我们看到$from_encoding是可选的,它可以自动识别源编码。
因为找不到一个确切的无法转码的字符,也不知道它遇到无法转码的字符会怎么处理。
通过mb_convert_encoding()函数,将整个文件处理了一下,于是,问题顺利解决。
最后介绍一下mb_string函数库,它全名叫Multibyte String,它的很多方法都扩展自PHP自身的string函数库,函数名在原函数的前面加了"mb_",这些函数除了拥有原函数的作用外,还在可选参数的最后加入了一个$encoding的可选参数,这个参数可以规定函数以什么样的编码方式来处理字符串。
例如strpos()函数,找到一个字符串在另一个字符串中的位置。
strpos("欢迎来访问","问",0)返回的结果是12,因为脚本是UTF-8编码,而将字符串转为UTF-8编码后,每个中文字符会占用3个字节。
而在mb_strpos()函数中,mb_strpos("欢迎来访问","问",0,'utf-8')则会返回4,它会将字符串当作已经转UTF-8的状态执行。
而mb_strpos("欢迎来访问","问",0,'gbk')会返回6
当然,它还有更多有特色的地方~
如果您觉得本博文对您有帮助,您可以推荐或关注我,如果您有什么问题,可以在下方留言讨论,谢谢。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.
