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基本开题的感觉是了-MySQL继续继续(自定义函数&存储过程),开题-mysql
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基本开题的感觉是了-MySQL继续继续(自定义函数&存储过程),开题-mysql

Jun 13, 2016 am 08:51 AM
mysql

基本开题的感觉是了-MySQL继续继续(自定义函数&存储过程),开题-mysql

  hi

感觉论文开题基本确定了,凯森

1、MySQL

-----自定义函数-----

----基本

两个必要条件:参数和返回值(两者没有必然联系,参数不一定有,返回一定有)

函数体:合法的SQL语句;以及简单的SELECT或INSERT语句;如果为复合结构则使用BEGIN...END语句

----不带参数的自定义函数

把当前时刻转换为中文显示,效果如下

mysql> SET NAMES gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y年%m月%d日 %h点:%I分:%s秒');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y年%m月%d日 %h点:%I分:%s秒') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2015年11月11日 07点:07分:39秒 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

把这个功能写成函数f1()

mysql> CREATE FUNCTION f1() RETURNS VARCHAR(30)
-> RETURN DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%y年%m月%d日 %h点:%I分:%s秒');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

调用

mysql> SELECT f1();

----带有参数的函数

mysql> CREATE FUNCTION f2(num1 SMALLINT UNSIGNED,num2 SMALLINT UNSIGNED)
-> RETURNS FLOAT(10,2) UNSIGNED
-> RETURN (num1+num2);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT f2(32,33);
+-----------+
| f2(32,33) |
+-----------+
| 65.00 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

我就不解释了,都看的懂

----具有复合结构体的函数

复合结构的函数往往意味着有多条语句要实现。比如往以下数据库中,创建函数实现插入参数作为新的username,返回最后插入字段的id

mysql> DESC test;
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

mysql> SELECT * FROM test;
+----+----------+
| id | username |
+----+----------+
| 1 | 111 |
| 2 | JOHN |
+----+----------+

实现的时候会发现,如果直接写,会有两句话是要打分号的,不合适,改!

mysql> DELIMITER //

把结束符号改为//

实际函数就是

mysql> CREATE FUNCTION adduser(username VARCHAR(20))
-> RETURNS INT UNSIGNED
-> BEGIN
-> INSERT test(username) VALUES(username);
-> RETURN LAST_INSERT_ID();
-> END
-> //

调用检查

mysql> SELECT adduser('Rose')//
+-----------------+
| adduser('Rose') |
+-----------------+
| 3 |
+-----------------+

当然这时候可以改回来定界符

mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql> SELECT adduser('Rose2');
+------------------+
| adduser('Rose2') |
+------------------+
| 4 |
+------------------+

----最后一点说明

一般不会用到自定义函数,很少用,用好自带函数就好

-----MySQL存储过程-----

 ----简介

一般的目的是提高MySQL的效率,去掉或者缩减其自身的存储过程

存储过程的定义是:它是SQL语句和控制语句的预编译集合,以一个名称存储并作为一个单元处理(实际理解就是说把一系列,当然也可以是某一个,操作合并/封装为一个操作;又由于这是在MySQL中的,数据库一般的操作成为存储,所以称为存储过程)

采用存储过程后,只有在第一次进行语法检查和编译,以后用户再调用就省去这两步,效率提高

---

优点:增强SQL语句的功能和灵活性;较快的执行速度(如上);减少网络流量(即缩减命令的长度);

----结构解析/创建

类似创建自定义函数,参数处不太一样

---参数

给参数可以赋值类型IN OUT INOUT

IN表示该参数的值必须在调用存储过程时指定,且不能返回

OUT表示~~~可以被存储过程改变,且可以返回

INOUT表示~~~在调用时指定,且可以被改变和返回

---结构体

类似函数体

可以是任意的SQL语句构成

复合结构也得用BEGIN...END

可以声明,循环等

----不带参数的存储过程

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE sp1() SELECT VERSION();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT sp1();
ERROR 1305 (42000): FUNCTION test.sp1 does not exist
mysql> CALL sp1();
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.17 |
+-----------+

存储过程的调用时CALL,且有两种调用方法-带或者不带括号

----带有IN类型参数的存储过程

删除记录的存储过程,通过id来删除

mysql> DELIMITER //
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE removeUserById(IN id INT UNSIGNED)
-> BEGIN
-> DELETE FROM test WHERE id=id;
-> END
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;

注意这里的id=id,前者是表中的id,后者是传递的参数,是可以这么写的(?)

还有要注意这里的习惯,DELIMITER开头结尾+BEGIN...END语句的写法

调用

mysql> CALL removeUserById(3);

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.05 sec)

注意,有参数的过程,不能省略小括号

这里,数据中所有记录都被删除。所以一般过程的参数不要和数据表中字段名相同!

这里的修改只能是删除过程再重建个正确的。DROP PROCEDURE REMOVEUSERBYID;

----带有IN和OUT参数

过程定义为:删除某id的记录,返回剩余记录数量

和写正则表达式等的流程差不多,先考虑需求:两个操作,返回一个值,传递进一个值,所以两个参数,一个IN,一个OUT

mysql> DELIMITER //
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE REMOVEIDRETURNLENGTH(IN p_id INT UNSIGNED,OUT usernums INT UNSIGNED)
-> BEGIN
-> DELETE FROM test WHERE id=p_id;
-> SELECT count(id) FROM test INTO usernums;
-> END
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;

调用

mysql> CALL REMOVEIDRETURNLENGTH(3,@NUMS);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT @NUMS;
+-------+
| @NUMS |
+-------+
| 4 |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

这里的@nums是变量

mysql> SET @QQ=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

这种变量称为用户变量,仅对当前用户有效,带有@符号

----带有多个OUT参数的过程

比如一个拥有很多字段的数据表

实现过程:删除某个id的字段,返回被删除的用户,以及返回剩余的用户

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE removereturn2(IN p_age SMALLINT UNSIGNED,OUT remove_user SMALLINT UNSIGNED,OUT usercount SMALLINT UNSIGNED)

BEGIN

DELETE FROM test WHERE age=p_age;

SELECT ROW_COUNT() INTO REMOVE_USER;

SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM test INTO USERCOUNT;

END

//

DELIMITER ;

其中,ROW_COUNT是个自带函数

CALL REMOVERETURN2(20,@A,@B);

SELECT @A,@B;

需要注意的是,由于过程的创建后不能修改,第一次创建尽量不要错,要不就不要怕麻烦

----存储过程和自定义函数的区别

存储过程功能复杂一些,常用于对表的操作;函数一般不用做对表的操作

~~~~可以返回多个值;函数一般返回一个值

~~~~一般独立的来执行;函数可以作为其他SQL语句的组成部分来出现

~~~~常用,来封装复杂过程;函数很少用

2、PHP与MySQL

明天开始学习PHP中常用的MySQL函数(?)

 

bye

 

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