PHP编程基本语法快速入门手册，基本语法快速入门
PHP编程基本语法快速入门手册，基本语法快速入门
php脚本的后面名为.php，代码放置在下面的括号里面：
<?php ....... ?>
echo可以打印信息，类似于printf。
<?php echo "hallo world"; ?>
每条语句后面用分号结尾;。
php支持三种注释方式：
<?php // 第一种 # 第二种 /* 这是 多行 注释 */ ?>
在php中，函数、类、和关键词的大小写都是同一个东西：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <?php ECHO "Hello World!<br>"; echo "Hello World!<br>"; EcHo "Hello World!<br>"; ?> </body> </html>
不过所有变量都对大小写敏感，需要区分大小写。
<?php $color="red"; $Color="black"; echo "my car is " . $color . "<br>"; echo "my car is " . $Color . "<br>"; ?>
上面的例子同时指出了变量定义以及字符串拼接的语法。
变量命名规则：
PHP 变量规则：
- 变量以 $ 符号开头，其后是变量的名称
- 变量名称必须以字母或下划线开头
- 变量名称不能以数字开头
- 变量名称只能包含字母数字字符和下划线（A-z、0-9 以及 _）
- 变量名称对大小写敏感（$y 与 $Y 是两个不同的变量）
- 变量会在第一次赋值时被创建。无需声明变量的类型。
变量会有三种不同的作用域：
PHP 有三种不同的变量作用域：
- local（局部）
- global（全局）
- static（静态）
函数之外声明的变量拥有 Global 作用域，只能在函数以外进行访问。
函数内部声明的变量拥有 LOCAL 作用域，只能在函数内部进行访问。
下面的例子测试了带有局部和全局作用域的变量：
<?php
$x=5; // 全局作用域
function myTest() {
$y=10; // 局部作用域
echo "<p>测试函数内部的变量：</p>";
echo "变量 x 是：$x";
echo "<br>";
echo "变量 y 是：$y";
}
myTest();
echo "<p>测试函数之外的变量：</p>";
echo "变量 x 是：$x";
echo "<br>";
echo "变量 y 是：$y";
?>
运行结果：
测试函数内部的变量：
变量 x 是：
变量 y 是：10
测试函数之外的变量：
变量 x 是：5
变量 y 是：
比较奇怪的就是为什么全局变量不能在局部函数内访问。
其实可以访问，不过需要global关键字的帮助：
global 关键词用于访问函数内的全局变量。
要做到这一点，请在（函数内部）变量前面使用 global 关键词：
<?php
$x=5;
$y=10;
function myTest() {
global $x,$y;
$y=$x+$y;
}
myTest();
echo $y; // 输出 15
?>
PHP 同时在名为 $GLOBALS[index] 的数组中存储了所有的全局变量。下标存有变量名。这个数组在函数内也可以访问，并能够用于直接更新全局变量。
<?php
$x=5;
$y=10;
function myTest() {
$GLOBALS['y']=$GLOBALS['x']+$GLOBALS['y'];
}
myTest();
echo $y; // 输出 15
?>
通常，当函数完成执行后，会删除所有变量。不过，有时我需要不删除某个局部变量。实现这一点需要static:
<?php
function myTest() {
static $x=0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}
myTest();
myTest();
myTest();
?>
php中echo和print都能使用，两者的唯一区别是print返回1，echo没有返回值。
strlen函数可以返回字符串的长度。
strpos函数用来确定另外一个字符串的位置：
<?php
echo strpos("Hello world!","world");
?>
使用define函数来定义常量：
<?php
define("GREETING", "Welcome to W3School.com.cn!");
echo GREETING;
?>
define函数还有第三个参数，用来指定是否大小写敏感。
php的if-else语句和其他语言大同小异，举个例子：
<?php
$t=date("H");
if ($t<"10") {
echo "Have a good morning!";
} elseif ($t<"20") {
echo "Have a good day!";
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
switch-case语句：
<?php
switch ($x)
{
case 1:
echo "Number 1";
break;
case 2:
echo "Number 2";
break;
case 3:
echo "Number 3";
break;
default:
echo "No number between 1 and 3";
}
?>
while、for语句和其他语言无差别，看看foreach吧：
<?php
$colors = array("red","green","blue","yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value <br>";
}
?>
php的真正力量来自于它的函数，它有1000个内置函数。
用户定义的函数声明以关单 "function" 开头：
function functionName() {
被执行的代码;
}
举个例子：
<?php
function writeMsg() {
echo "Hello world!";
}
writeMsg(); // 调用函数
?>
// 含参数
<?php
function familyName($fname,$year) {
echo "$fname Zhang. Born in $year <br>";
}
familyName("Li","1975");
familyName("Hong","1978");
familyName("Tao","1983");
?>
// 默认参数
<?php
function setHeight($minheight=50) {
echo "The height is : $minheight <br>";
}
setHeight(350);
setHeight(); // 将使用默认值 50
setHeight(135);
setHeight(80);
?>
// 返回值
<?php
function sum($x,$y) {
$z=$x+$y;
return $z;
}
echo "5 + 10 = " . sum(5,10) . "<br>";
echo "7 + 13 = " . sum(7,13) . "<br>";
echo "2 + 4 = " . sum(2,4);
?>
在 PHP 中，有三种数组类型：
- 索引数组 - 带有数字索引的数组
- 关联数组 - 带有指定键的数组
- 多维数组 - 包含一个或多个数组的数组
索引数组：
$cars=array("Volvo","BMW","SAAB");
<?php
$cars=array("Volvo","BMW","SAAB");
echo "I like " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[1] . " and " . $cars[2] . ".";
?>
// count
<?php
$cars=array("Volvo","BMW","SAAB");
echo count($cars);
?>
// 变量索引数组
<?php
$cars=array("Volvo","BMW","SAAB");
$arrlength=count($cars);
for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++) {
echo $cars[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
?>
关联数组：
$age=array("Peter"=>"35","Ben"=>"37","Joe"=>"43");
或
$age['Peter']="35";
$age['Ben']="37";
$age['Joe']="43";
<?php
$age=array("Bill"=>"35","Steve"=>"37","Peter"=>"43");
echo "Peter is " . $age['Peter'] . " years old.";
?>
// 遍历
<?php
$age=array("Bill"=>"35","Steve"=>"37","Peter"=>"43");
foreach($age as $x=>$x_value) {
echo "Key=" . $x . ", Value=" . $x_value;
echo "<br>";
}
?>
数组排序方法有下面这些：
- sort() - 以升序对数组排序
- rsort() - 以降序对数组排序
- asort() - 根据值，以升序对关联数组进行排序
- ksort() - 根据键，以升序对关联数组进行排序
- arsort() - 根据值，以降序对关联数组进行排序
- krsort() - 根据键，以降序对关联数组进行排序
比较难理解的是键值对排序。
<?php
$age=array("Bill"=>"35","Steve"=>"37","Peter"=>"43");
asort($age);
?>
<?php
$age=array("Bill"=>"35","Steve"=>"37","Peter"=>"43");
ksort($age);
?>
超全局变量，也就是预定义的全局变量，在哪里都能用，有特殊含义：
- $GLOBALS:引用全局作用域中可用的全部变量
- $_SERVER:保存关于报头、路径和脚本位置的信息。
- $_REQUEST:用于收集 HTML 表单提交的数据。
- $_POST:用于收集提交 method="post" 的 HTML 表单后的表单数据。也常用于传递变量。
- $_GET:$_GET 也可用于收集提交 HTML 表单 (method="get") 之后的表单数据。
- $_FILES
- $_ENV
- $_COOKIE
- $_SESSION
其他内容可以在表单处理中找到。
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