php之依赖注入和控制反转,php注入反转
php之依赖注入和控制反转,php注入反转
DI——Dependency Injection 依赖注入
IoC——Inversion of Control 控制反转
要想理解上面两个概念,就必须搞清楚如下的问题:
1、参与者都有谁?
答:一般有三方参与者,一个是某个对象;一个是IoC/DI的容器;另一个是某个对象的外部资源。又要名词解释一下,某个对象指的就是任意的、普通的Java对象; IoC/DI的容器简单点说就是指用来实现IoC/DI功能的一个框架程序;对象的外部资源指的就是对象需要的,但是是从对象外部获取的,都统称资源,比如:对象需要的其它对象、或者是对象需要的文件资源等等。
2、依赖:谁依赖于谁?为什么会有依赖?
答:某个对象依赖于IoC/DI的容器。依赖是不可避免的,在一个项目中,各个类之间有各种各样的关系,不可能全部完全独立,这就形成了依赖。传统的开发是使用其他类时直接调用,这会形成强耦合,这是要避免的。依赖注入借用容器转移了被依赖对象实现解耦。
3、注入:谁注入于谁?到底注入什么?
答:通过容器向对象注入其所需要的外部资源
4、控制反转:谁控制谁?控制什么?为什么叫反转?
答: IoC/DI的容器控制对象,主要是控制对象实例的创建。反转是相对于正向而言的,那么什么算是正向的呢?考虑一下常规情况下的应用程序,如果要在A里面使用C,你会怎么做呢?当然是直接去创建C的对象,也就是说,是在A类中主动去获取所需要的外部资源C,这种情况被称为正向的。那么什么是反向呢?就是A类不再主动去获取C,而是被动等待,等待IoC/DI的容器获取一个C的实例,然后反向的注入到A类中。
5、依赖注入和控制反转是同一概念吗?
答:从上面可以看出:依赖注入是从应用程序的角度在描述,可以把依赖注入描述完整点:应用程序依赖容器创建并注入它所需要的外部资源;而控制反转是从容器的角度在描述,描述完整点:容器控制应用程序,由容器反向的向应用程序注入应用程序所需要的外部资源。
下面我们通过例子来具体看看依赖注入的一些实现方式:
1.构造器注入
<?<span>php </span><span>class</span><span> Book { </span><span>private</span> <span>$db_conn</span><span>; </span><span>public</span> <span>function</span> __construct(<span>$db_conn</span><span>) { </span><span>$this</span>->db_conn = <span>$db_conn</span><span>; } }</span>
2、setter注入
<?<span>php<br /> <br />class book{<br /> private $db;<br /> private $file;<br /> function setdb($db){<br /> $this->db=$db;<br /> }<br /> function setfile($file){<br /> $this->file=$file;<br /> }<br />}<br />class file{}<br />class db{}<br />...<br /><br />class test{<br /></span><span> $book</span> = <span>new</span><span> Book(); </span><span>$book</span>->setdb(<span>new db()</span><span>); <br /></span><span> $book->setfile(new file());<br />} </span>?>
上面俩种方法代码很清晰,但是当我们需要注入很多个依赖时,意味着又要增加很多行,会比较难以管理。
比较好的解决办法是 建立一个class作为所有依赖关系的container,在这个class中可以存放、创建、获取、查找需要的依赖关系
<?<span>php </span><span>class</span><span> Ioc { </span><span>protected</span> <span>$db_conn</span><span>; </span><span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span><span> make_book() { </span><span>$new_book</span> = <span>new</span><span> Book(); </span><span>$new_book</span>->set_db(self::<span>$db_conn</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>... //... //其他的依赖注入</span> <span>return</span> <span>$new_book</span><span>; } }</span>
此时,如果获取一个book实例,只需要执行$newone = Ioc::makebook();
以上是container的一个具体实例,最好还是不要把具体的某个依赖注入写成方法,采用registry注册,get获取比较好
<?<span>php </span><span>class</span><span> Ioc { </span><span>/*</span><span>* * @var 注册的依赖数组 </span><span>*/</span> <span>protected</span> <span>static</span> <span>$registry</span> = <span>array</span><span>(); </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 添加一个resolve到registry数组中 * @param string $name 依赖标识 * @param object $resolve 一个匿名函数用来创建实例 * @return void </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span> register(<span>$name</span>, Closure <span>$resolve</span><span>) { </span><span>static</span>::<span>$registry</span>[<span>$name</span>] = <span>$resolve</span><span>; } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 返回一个实例 * @param string $name 依赖的标识 * @return mixed </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span> resolve(<span>$name</span><span>) { </span><span>if</span> ( <span>static</span>::registered(<span>$name</span><span>) ) { </span><span>$name</span> = <span>static</span>::<span>$registry</span>[<span>$name</span><span>]; </span><span>return</span> <span>$name</span><span>(); } </span><span>throw</span> <span>new</span> <span>Exception</span>('Nothing registered with that name, fool.'<span>); } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 查询某个依赖实例是否存在 * @param string $name id * @return bool </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span> registered(<span>$name</span><span>) { </span><span>return</span> <span>array_key_exists</span>(<span>$name</span>, <span>static</span>::<span>$registry</span><span>); } }</span>
现在就可以通过如下方式来注册和注入一个
<?<span>php </span><span>$book</span> = Ioc::registry('book', <span>function</span><span>(){ </span><span>$book</span> = <span>new</span><span> Book; </span><span>$book</span>->setdb('...'<span>); </span><span>$book</span>->setprice('...'<span>); </span><span>return</span> <span>$book</span><span>; }); </span><span>//</span><span>注入依赖</span> <span>$book</span> = Ioc::resolve('book'<span>); </span>?>
参考:http://www.4wei.cn/archives/1002316

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