Python中的进程分支fork和exec详解
在python中,任务并发一种方式是通过进程分支来实现的.在linux系统在,通过fork()方法来实现进程分支.
1.fork()调用后会创建一个新的子进程,这个子进程是原父进程的副本.子进程可以独立父进程外运行.
2.fork()是一个很特殊的方法,一次调用,两次返回.
3.fork()它会返回2个值,一个值为0,表示在子进程返回;另外一个值为非0,表示在父进程中返回子进程ID.
以下只能在linux中运行,不能在window下运行.
进程分支fork()
实例如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
import os
def child():
print('hello from child', os.getpid())
os._exit(0)
def parent():
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
child()
print 'fork child process error!'#如果打印该字符串,说明调用child()出错
else:
print('hello from parent', os.getpid(), pid)
parent()
运行结果如下:
('hello from parent', 29888, 29889)
('hello from child', 29889)
从结果不难看出, child()后的print字符并没有打印处理,说明调用child()是没有返回的.
fork和exec的组合
从上面的例子来看,调用child()方法后就直接退出了.但在实际的应用中,我们希望分支出来的子进程能独立运行另外一个新的程序.这时需要用到exec方法替换子进程,并且替换后进程的pid不会改变.exec方法不会返回.
首先解释一下exec相关的8个方法组:
os.execv(program, cmdargs)
基本的”v”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行参数字符的列表或元组.
os.execl(program, cmdarg1, cmdarg2, …, cmdargN)
基本的”l”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行多个字符参数.
os.execvp(program, args)
“p”模式下,基本的”v”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行参数字符的列表或元组.运行新程序的搜索路径为当前文件的搜索路径.
os.execlp(program, cmdarg1, cmdarg2, …, cmdargN)
“p”模式下,基本的”l”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行多个字符参数.运行新程序的搜索路径为当前文件的搜索路径.
os.execve(program, args, env)
“e”模式下,基本的”v”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行参数字符的列表或元组.最后还要传入运行新程序的需要的环境变量env字典参数.
os.execle(program, cmdarg1, cmdarg2, …, cmdargN, env)
“e”模式下,基本的”l”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行多个字符参数.最后还要传入运行新程序的需要的环境变量env字典参数.
os.execvpe(program, args, env)
在”p”和”e”的组合模式下,基本的”v”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行参数字符的列表或元组.最后还要传入运行新程序的需要的环境变量env字典参数.运行新程序的搜索路径为当前文件的搜索路径.
os.execlpe(program, cmdarg1, cmdarg2, …, cmdargN, env)
在”p”和”e”的组合模式下,基本的”l”执行形式,需要传入可执行的程序名,以及用来运行程序的命令行多个字符参数.最后还要传入运行新程序的需要的环境变量env字典参数.运行新程序的搜索路径为当前文件的搜索路径.
newprocess.py代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
import os
def child():
print('hello from child', os.getpid())
os._exit(0)
child()
主代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
import os
def child():
print('hello from child', os.getpid())
os._exit(0)
def parent():
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
os.execlp('python', 'python', 'newprocess.py')
assert False, 'fork child process error!'
else:
print('hello from parent', os.getpid(), pid)
parent()
输出如下:
$ python TestFork.py
('hello from parent', 30791, 30792)
$ ('hello from child', 30792)

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

To run Python code in Sublime Text, you need to install the Python plug-in first, then create a .py file and write the code, and finally press Ctrl B to run the code, and the output will be displayed in the console.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.

Golang is better than Python in terms of performance and scalability. 1) Golang's compilation-type characteristics and efficient concurrency model make it perform well in high concurrency scenarios. 2) Python, as an interpreted language, executes slowly, but can optimize performance through tools such as Cython.

Writing code in Visual Studio Code (VSCode) is simple and easy to use. Just install VSCode, create a project, select a language, create a file, write code, save and run it. The advantages of VSCode include cross-platform, free and open source, powerful features, rich extensions, and lightweight and fast.

Running Python code in Notepad requires the Python executable and NppExec plug-in to be installed. After installing Python and adding PATH to it, configure the command "python" and the parameter "{CURRENT_DIRECTORY}{FILE_NAME}" in the NppExec plug-in to run Python code in Notepad through the shortcut key "F6".
