收藏整理的一些Python常用方法和技巧
1. 逆转字符串的三种方法
1.1. 模拟C++中方法, 定义一个空字符串来实现
通过设置一个空字符串, 然后讲参数中的字符串从后往前遍历, 使用字符串的加法合并为新的字符串
def reverse(text) :
str = ''
index = len(text) - 1
while index >= 0 :
str += text[index]
index -= 1
return str
1.2. 使用切片法
这个是Python中的一个特性, 切片可以取负值,这是采用切片的方法,设置步长为-1,这样就实现了反过来排序。
def reverse_1(text) :
return text[::-1]
1.3. 使用列表
采用列表的reverse方法,先将text转换为列表,然后通过reverse方法反转,然后在通过join连接为字符串。
def reverse_2(text) :
temp = list(text)
temp.reverse()
return ''.join(temp)
2. 使用reduce
使用匿名函数和reduce()
def reverse_3(text) :
return reduce(lambda x, y : y + x, text)
print reverse_3("Hello")
3. 遍历字典的四种方法
dict={"a":"apple","b":"banana","o":"orange"}
print "##########dict######################"
for i in dict:
print "dict[%s]=" % i,dict[i]
print "###########items#####################"
for (k,v) in dict.items():
print "dict[%s]=" % k,v
print "###########iteritems#################"
for k,v in dict.iteritems():
print "dict[%s]=" % k,v
print "###########iterkeys,itervalues#######"
for k,v in zip(dict.iterkeys(),dict.itervalues()):
print "dict[%s]=" % k,v
4. 遍历list的三种方法
for key in lst :
print key
for i in range(len(lst)) :
print lst[i]
for index, key in enumerate(lst) :
print key //index是list的索引
5. 字典排序的方法
字典按照value的值从大到小的顺序来排序(默认从小到排序)。
dic = {'a':31, 'bc':5, 'c':3, 'asd':4, 'aa':74, 'd':0}
dict= sorted(dic.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[1], reverse = True)
print dict
//输出的结果:
[('aa', 74), ('a', 31), ('bc', 5), ('asd', 4), ('c', 3), ('d', 0)]
下面我们分解下代码
print dic.iteritems() 得到[(键,值)]的列表。
然后用sorted方法,通过key这个参数,指定排序是按照value,也就是第一个元素d[1的值来排序。reverse = True表示是需要翻转的,默认是从小到大,翻转的话,那就是从大到小。
对字典按键(key)排序:
dic = {'a':31, 'bc':5, 'c':3, 'asd':4, 'aa':74, 'd':0}
dict= sorted(dic.iteritems(), key=lambda d:d[0]) # d[0]表示字典的键
print dict
#sorted中第三个可选参数为reverse, True表示从大到小排序
#默认reverse = False
6. 子类和父类
子类构造函数调用父类的初始化构造函数
class A(object) :
def __init__(self) :
print "testA
class B(A) :
def __init__(self) :
A.__init__(self)
子类调用父类的同名函数
super().fuleifunction()
7. 更灵活的参数传递方式
func2(a=1, b=2, c=3) #默认参数
func3(*args) #接受任意数量的参数, 以tuple的方式传入
func4(**kargs) #把参数以键值对字典的形式传入
在变量前加上星号前缀(*),调用时的参数会存储在一个 tuple()对象中,赋值给形参。在函数内部,需要对参数进行处理时,只要对这个 tuple 类型的形参(这里是 args)进行操作就可以了。因此,函数在定义时并不需要指明参数个数,就可以处理任意参数个数的情况。
def calcSum(*args):
sum = 0
for i in args:
sum += i
print sum
#调用:
calcSum(1,2,3)
calcSum(123,456)
calcSum()
#输出:
6
579
0
#################################
def printAll(**kargs):
for k in kargs:
print k, ':', kargs[k]
printAll(a=1, b=2, c=3)
printAll(x=4, y=5)
#输出:
a : 1
c : 3
b : 2
y : 5
x : 4
python的中参数可以多种形式进行组合, 在混合使用时,首先要注意函数的写法,必须遵守:
1.带有默认值的形参(arg=)须在无默认值的形参(arg)之后
2.元组参数(*args)须在带有默认值的形参(arg=)之后
3.字典参数(**kargs)须在元组参数(*args)之后
在函数被调用时,参数的传递过程为:
1.按顺序把无指定参数的实参赋值给形参
2.把指定参数名称(arg=v)的实参赋值给对应的形参
3.将多余的无指定参数的实参打包成一个 tuple 传递给元组参数(*args)
4.将多余的指定参数名的实参打包成一个 dict 传递给字典参数(**kargs)
8. lambda 表达式
lambda 表达式可以看做一种匿名函数
lambda 表达式的语法格式:
lambda 参数列表: 表达式 #参数列表周围没有括号,返回值前没有 return 关键字,也没有函数名称
def fn(x):
return lambda y: x + y
#调用
a = fn(2)
print a(3)
#输出
5
分析
: fn(2)调用后, 相当于a = lambda y: 2 + y, 然后a(3)被调用时.
相当于 print lambda y: 2 + 3

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.

To run Python code in Sublime Text, you need to install the Python plug-in first, then create a .py file and write the code, and finally press Ctrl B to run the code, and the output will be displayed in the console.

Writing code in Visual Studio Code (VSCode) is simple and easy to use. Just install VSCode, create a project, select a language, create a file, write code, save and run it. The advantages of VSCode include cross-platform, free and open source, powerful features, rich extensions, and lightweight and fast.

VS Code can be used to write Python and provides many features that make it an ideal tool for developing Python applications. It allows users to: install Python extensions to get functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Use the debugger to track code step by step, find and fix errors. Integrate Git for version control. Use code formatting tools to maintain code consistency. Use the Linting tool to spot potential problems ahead of time.

Running Python code in Notepad requires the Python executable and NppExec plug-in to be installed. After installing Python and adding PATH to it, configure the command "python" and the parameter "{CURRENT_DIRECTORY}{FILE_NAME}" in the NppExec plug-in to run Python code in Notepad through the shortcut key "F6".
