Python中函数的参数传递与可变长参数介绍
1.Python中也有像C++一样的默认缺省函数
def foo(text,num=0):
print text,num
foo("asd") #asd 0
foo("def",100) #def 100
定义有默认参数的函数时,这些默认值参数 位置必须都在非默认值参数后面。
调用时提供默认值参数值时,使用提供的值,否则使用默认值。
2.Python可以根据参数名传参数
def foo(ip,port):
print "%s:%d" % (ip,port)
foo("192.168.1.0",3306) #192.168.1.0:3306
foo(port=8080,ip="127.0.0.1") #127.0.0.1:8080
第4行,没有指定参数名,按照顺序传参数。
第5行,指定参数名,可以按照参数名称传参数。
3.可变长度参数
#coding:utf-8 #设置python文件的编码为utf-8,这样就可以写入中文注释
def foo(arg1,*tupleArg,**dictArg):
print "arg1=",arg1 #formal_args
print "tupleArg=",tupleArg #()
print "dictArg=",dictArg #[]
foo("formal_args")
上面函数中的参数,tupleArg前面“*”表示这个参数是一个元组参数,从程序的输出可以看出,默认值为();dicrtArg前面有“**”表示这个字典参数(键值对参数)。可以把tupleArg、dictArg看成两个默认参数。多余的非关键字参数,函数调用时被放在元组参数tupleArg中;多余的关键字参数,函数调用时被放字典参数dictArg中。
下面是可变长参数的一些用法:
#coding:utf-8 #设置python文件的编码为utf-8,这样就可以写入中文注释
def foo(arg1,arg2="OK",*tupleArg,**dictArg):
print "arg1=",arg1
print "arg2=",arg2
for i,element in enumerate(tupleArg):
print "tupleArg %d-->%s" % (i,str(element))
for key in dictArg:
print "dictArg %s-->%s" %(key,dictArg[key])
myList=["my1","my2"]
myDict={"name":"Tom","age":22}
foo("formal_args",arg2="argSecond",a=1)
print "*"*40
foo(123,myList,myDict)
print "*"*40
foo(123,rt=123,*myList,**myDict)
输出为:
从上面的程序可以看出:
(1)如代码第16行。
参数中如果使用“*”元组参数或者“**”字典参数,这两种参数应该放在参数列表最后。并且“*”元组参数位于“**”字典参数之前。
关键字参数rt=123,因为函数foo(arg1,arg2="OK",*tupleArg,**dictArg)中没有rt参数,所以最后也归到字典参数中。
(2)如代码第14行。
元组对象前面如果不带“*”、字典对象如果前面不带“**”,则作为普通的对象传递参数。
多余的普通参数,在foo(123,myList,myDict)中,123赋给参数arg1,myList赋给参数arg2,多余的参数myDict默认为元组赋给myList。

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