Django框架下在视图中使用模版的方法
打开current_datetime 视图。 以下是其内容：
from django.http import HttpResponse import datetime def current_datetime(request): now = datetime.datetime.now() html = "<html><body>It is now %s.</body></html>" % now return HttpResponse(html)
让我们用 Django 模板系统来修改该视图。 第一步，你可能已经想到了要做下面这样的修改：
from django.template import Template, Context
from django.http import HttpResponse
import datetime
def current_datetime(request):
now = datetime.datetime.now()
t = Template("<html><body>It is now {{ current_date }}.</body></html>")
html = t.render(Context({'current_date': now}))
return HttpResponse(html)
没错，它确实使用了模板系统，但是并没有解决我们在本章开头所指出的问题。 也就是说，模板仍然嵌入在Python代码里，并未真正的实现数据与表现的分离。 让我们将模板置于一个 单独的文件 中，并且让视图加载该文件来解决此问题。
你可能首先考虑把模板保存在文件系统的某个位置并用 Python 内建的文件操作函数来读取文件内容。 假设文件保存在 /home/djangouser/templates/mytemplate.html 中的话，代码就会像下面这样:
from django.template import Template, Context
from django.http import HttpResponse
import datetime
def current_datetime(request):
now = datetime.datetime.now()
# Simple way of using templates from the filesystem.
# This is BAD because it doesn't account for missing files!
fp = open('/home/djangouser/templates/mytemplate.html')
t = Template(fp.read())
fp.close()
html = t.render(Context({'current_date': now}))
return HttpResponse(html)
然而，基于以下几个原因，该方法还算不上简洁：
- 它没有对文件丢失的情况做出处理。 如果文件 mytemplate.html 不存在或者不可读， open() 函数调用将会引发 IOError 异常。
- 这里对模板文件的位置进行了硬编码。 如果你在每个视图函数都用该技术，就要不断复制这些模板的位置。 更不用说还要带来大量的输入工作！
- 它包含了大量令人生厌的重复代码。 与其在每次加载模板时都调用 open() 、 fp.read() 和 fp.close() ，还不如做出更佳选择。
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