简介二分查找算法与相关的Python实现示例
二分查找Binary Search的思想:
以有序表表示静态查找表时,查找函数可以用二分查找来实现。
二分查找(Binary Search)的查找过程是:先确定待查记录所在的区间,然后逐步缩小区间直到找到或找不到该记录为止。
1二分查找的时间复杂度是O(log(n)),最坏情况下的时间复杂度是O(n)。
假设 low 指向区间下界,high 指向区间上界,mid 指向区间的中间位置,则 mid = (low + high) / 2;
具体过程:
1.先将关键字与 mid 指向的元素比较,如果相等则返回mid。
2.关键字小于 mid 指向的元素关键字,则在 [ low, mid-1 ]区间中继续进行二分查找。
3.关键字大于mid 指向的元素关键字,则在[ mid +1 , high] 区间中继续进行二分查找。
用Python实现二分查找示例:
>>> def find(self, num): l = len(self) first = 0 end = l - 1 mid = 0 if l == 0: self.insert(0,num) return False while first < end: mid = (first + end)/2 if num > self[mid]: first = mid + 1 elif num < self[mid]: end = mid - 1 else: break if first == end: if self[first] > num: self.insert(first, num) return False elif self[first] < num: self.insert(first + 1, num) return False else: return True elif first > end: self.insert(first, num) return False else: return True >>> list_d = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','d','t'] >>> value_d = 't' >>> aa=find(list_d,value_d) >>> aa True >>> value_d='ha' >>> aa=find(list_d,value_d) >>> aa False

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