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简单了解Python下用于监视文件系统的pyinotify包

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:07 PM
python

什么是inotify:

  •   Inotify是一个事件驱动的通知机制,Inotify 提供一个简单的API,使用最小的文件描述符,并且允许细粒度监控。与 inotify 的通信是通过系统调用实现。可用的函数如下所示:
  •   inotify_init  是用于创建一个inotify实例的系统调用,并返回一个指向该实例的文件描述符。
  •   inotify_init1  与inotify_init相似,并带有附加标志。如果这些附加标志没有指定,将采用与inotify_init相同的值。
  •   inotify_add_watch 增加对文件或者目录的监控,并指定需要监控哪些事件。标志用于控制是否将事件添加到已有的监控中,是否只有路径代表一个目录才进行监控,是否要追踪符号链接,是否进行一次性监控,当首次事件出现后就停止监控。
  •   inotify_rm_watch 从监控列表中移出监控项目。
  •   read 读取包含一个或者多个事件信息的缓存。
  •   close 关闭文件描述符,并且移除所有在该描述符上的所有监控。当关于某实例的所有文件描述符都关闭时,资源和下层对象都将释放,以供内核再次使用。

因此,典型的监控程序需要进行如下操作:

  •   使用 inotify_init 打开一个文件描述符
  •   添加一个或者多个监控
  •   等待事件
  •   处理事件,然后返回并等待更多事件
  •   当监控不再活动时,或者接到某个信号之后,关闭文件描述符,清空,然后退出。

pyinotify包的安装

git clone https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify.git
cd pyinotify/
python setup.py install

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Inotify 可以监视的文件系统事件包括:

IN_ACCESS,即文件被访问
IN_MODIFY,文件被write
IN_ATTRIB,文件属性被修改,如chmod、chown、touch等
IN_CLOSE_WRITE,可写文件被close
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE,不可写文件被close
IN_OPEN,文件被open
IN_MOVED_FROM,文件被移走,如mv
IN_MOVED_TO,文件被移来,如mv、cp
IN_CREATE,创建新文件
IN_DELETE,文件被删除,如rm
IN_DELETE_SELF,自删除,即一个可执行文件在执行时删除自己
IN_MOVE_SELF,自移动,即一个可执行文件在执行时移动自己
IN_UNMOUNT,宿主文件系统被umount
IN_CLOSE,文件被关闭,等同于(IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE)
IN_MOVE,文件被移动,等同于(IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO)


pyinotify使用例子

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding:utf-8
 
import os
from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, \
ProcessEvent,IN_DELETE, IN_CREATE,IN_MODIFY
 
class EventHandler(ProcessEvent):
 """事件处理"""
 def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
  print  "Create file: %s " %  os.path.join(event.path,event.name)
 
 def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
  print  "Delete file: %s " %  os.path.join(event.path,event.name)

 def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
   print  "Modify file: %s " %  os.path.join(event.path,event.name)
 
def FSMonitor(path='.'):
  wm = WatchManager() 
  mask = IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFY
  notifier = Notifier(wm, EventHandler())
  wm.add_watch(path, mask,auto_add=True,rec=True)
  print 'now starting monitor %s'%(path)
  while True:
   try:
     notifier.process_events()
     if notifier.check_events():
       notifier.read_events()
   except KeyboardInterrupt:
     notifier.stop()
     break
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 FSMonitor('/home/firefoxbug')
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