Python编程中的文件读写及相关的文件对象方法讲解
python文件读写
python 进行文件读写的内建函数是open或file
file_hander(文件句柄或者叫做对象)= open(filename,mode)
mode：
模式 说明
r 只读
r+ 读写
w 写入,先删除源文件,在重新写入,如果文件没有则创建
w+ 读写,先删除源文件,在重新写入,如果文件没有则创建(可以写入写出)
读文件:
>>> fo = open("/root/a.txt")
>>> fo
<open file '/root/a.txt', mode 'r' at 0x7f5095dec4e0>
>>> fo.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\n'
>>> fo.close() >>> fo.read() #对象已关闭，在读取就读不到
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
>>> f1 = file("/root/a.txt")
>>> f1.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\n'
>>> f1.close()
写文件:
root@10.1.6.200:~# ls -l new.txt
ls: cannot access new.txt: No such file or directory
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt",'w') w参数文件没有则创建
>>> fnew.write('hello \n i am dave')
这时查看文件数据其实还只是在缓存区中,没有真正落到文件上.
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt root@10.1.6.200:~#
只要我把文件关闭,数据会从缓存区写到文件里
>>> fnew.close() root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt
hello i am dave
再次使用w参数,文件会被清空,所以用该参数需要谨慎.
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt","w")
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt root@10.1.6.200:~#
mode使用r+参数:
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt",'r+')
>>> fnew.read()
'hello dave'
>>> fnew.write('i am dave')
>>> fnew.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt
hello davei am dave
这次打开文件,直接写入,会发现ooo替换开头字母,因为上面读取操作使用了指针在写就写在后面.而这次是直接从头写入.
>>> fnew = open("/root/new.txt",'r+')
>>> fnew.write('ooo')
>>> fnew.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat new.txt
ooolo davei am dave
文件对象方法
下面文件对象方法
- FileObject.close()
- String=FileObject.readline([size])
- List = FileObject.readlines([size])
- String = FileObject.read([size]) read:读取所有数据
- FileObject.next()
- FileObject.write(string)
- FileObject.writelines(List)
- FlieObject.seek(偏移量,选项)
- FlieObject.flush() 提交更新
>>> for i in open("/root/a.txt"): 用open可以返回迭代类型的变量,可以逐行读取数据
... print i
...
hello davehe i am emily emily emily
FileObject.readline: 每次读取文件的一行,size是指每行每次读取size个字节，直到行的末尾，超出范围会读取空字符串
>>> f1 = open("/root/a.txt")
>>> f1.readline()
'hello davehe\n'
>>> f1.readline()
'i am emily\n'
>>> f1.readline()
'emily emily\n'
>>> f1.readline() '' >>> f1.readline() '' >>>f1.close()
FileObject.readlines:返回一个列表
>>> f1 = open("/root/a.txt")
>>> f1.readlines()
['hello davehe\n', 'i am emily\n', 'emily emily\n']''
FileObject.next:返回当前行,并将文件指针到下一行,超出范围会给予警示,停止迭代.
>>> f1 = open("/root/a.txt")
>>> f1.next()
'hello davehe\n'
>>> f1.next()
'i am emily\n'
>>> f1.next()
'emily emily\n'
>>> f1.next()
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> StopIteration
FileObject.write:write和后面writelines在写入前会是否清除文件中原来所有的数据,在重新写入新的内容,取决于打开文件的模式.
FileObject.writelines(List):多行写,效率比write高,速度更快,少量写入可以使用write
>>> l = ["python\n","python\n","python\n"]
>>> f1 = open('/root/a.txt','a')
>>> f1.writelines(l)
>>> f1.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat a.txt
hello davehe i am emily emily emily python python python
FlieObject.seek(偏移量,选项):可以在文件中移动文件指针到不同的位置.
位置的默认值为0,代表从文件开头算起(即绝对偏移量),1代表从当前位置算起,2代表从文件末尾算起.
>>> f1 = open('/root/a.txt','r+')
>>> f1.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\npython\npython\npython\n'
>>> f1.seek(0,0) 指针指到开头,在读 >>> f1.read()
'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\npython\npython\npython\n'
>>> f1.read() '' >>> f1.seek(0,0) >>> f1.seek(0,2) 指针指到末尾,在读 >>> f1.read() ''
下面看个小实例,查找a.txt中emily出现几次
root@10.1.6.200:~# vim file.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import re
f1 = open('/root/a.txt')
count = 0
for s in f1.readlines():
li = re.findall("emily",s)
if len(li) > 0:
count = count + len(li)
print "this is have %d emily" % count
f1.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~# cat a.txt
hello davehe i am emily emily emily
root@10.1.6.200:~# python file.py
this is have 3 emily
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