Oracle 游标使用总结
游标(CURSOR)也叫光标,在关系数据库中经常使用,在PL/SQL程序中可以用CURSOR与SELECT一起对表或者视图中的数据进行查询并逐行读
Oracle游标分为显示游标和隐式游标。显示游标(Explicit Cursor):在PL/SQL程序中定义的、用于查询的游标称作显示游标。
隐式游标(Implicit Cursor):是指非PL/SQL程序中定义的、而且是在PL/SQL中使用UPDATE/DELETE语句时,Oracle系统自动分配的游标。
一.显示游标
1.使用步骤
(1)定义 (2)打开 (3)使用 (4)关闭
2.使用演示
首先创建测试用表STUDENT,脚本如下:
代码如下:
CREATE TABLE "STUDENT" (
"STUNAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
"STUNO" VARCHAR2(4 BYTE),
"AGE" NUMBER,
"GENDER" VARCHAR2(2 CHAR)
)
(1).使用WHILE循环处理游标
create or replace PROCEDURE PROC_STU1 AS
BEGIN
--显示游标使用,使用while循环
declare
--1.定义游标,名称为cur_stu
cursor cur_stu is
select stuno,stuname from student order by stuno;
--定义变量,存放游标取出的数据
v_stuno varchar(4);
v_stuname varchar(20);
begin
--2.打开游标cur_stu
open cur_stu;
--3.将游标的当前行取出存放到变量中
fetch cur_stu into v_stuno,v_stuname;
while cur_stu%found --游标所指还有数据行,则继续循环
loop
--打印结果
dbms_output.PUT_LINE(v_stuno||'->'||v_stuname);
--继续将游标所指的当前行取出放到变量中
fetch cur_stu into v_stuno,v_stuname;
end loop;
close cur_stu; --4.关闭游标
end;
END PROC_STU1;
(2).使用IF..ELSE代替WHILE循环处理游标
create or replace PROCEDURE PROC_STU2 AS
BEGIN
--显示游标使用,使用if判断
declare
--1.定义游标,名称为cur_stu
cursor cur_stu is
select stuno,stuname from student order by stuno;
--定义变量,存放游标取出的数据
v_stuno varchar(4);
v_stuname varchar(20);
begin
--2.打开游标cur_stu
open cur_stu;
--3.将游标的当前行取出存放到变量中
fetch cur_stu into v_stuno,v_stuname;
loop
if cur_stu%found then --如果游标cur_stu所指还有数据行
--打印结果
dbms_output.PUT_LINE(v_stuno||'->'||v_stuname);
--继续将游标所指的当前行取出放到变量中
fetch cur_stu into v_stuno,v_stuname;
else
exit;
end if;
end loop;
close cur_stu; --4.关闭游标
end;
END PROC_STU2;
(3).使用FOR循环处理游标
create or replace PROCEDURE PROC_STU3 AS
BEGIN
--显示游标使用,使用for循环
declare
--定义游标,名称为cur_stu
cursor cur_stu is
select stuno,stuname from student order by stuno;
begin
for stu in cur_stu
loop
dbms_output.PUT_LINE(stu.stuno||'->'||stu.stuname);
--循环做隐含检查 %notfound
end loop;
--自动关闭游标
end;
END PROC_STU3;
(4).常用的使用EXIT WHEN处理游标
create or replace
PROCEDURE PROC_STU1_1 AS
BEGIN
--显示游标使用,使用exit when循环
declare
--1.定义游标,名称为cur_stu
cursor cur_stu is
select stuno,stuname from student order by stuno;
--定义变量,存放游标取出的数据
v_stuno varchar(4);
v_stuname varchar(20);
begin
--2.打开游标cur_stu
open cur_stu;
loop
--3.将游标的当前行取出存放到变量中
fetch cur_stu into v_stuno,v_stuname;
exit when cur_stu%notfound; --游标所指还有数据行,则继续循环
--打印结果
dbms_output.PUT_LINE(v_stuno||'->'||v_stuname);
end loop;
close cur_stu; --4.关闭游标
end;
END PROC_STU1_1;
二.隐式游标
1.使用演示
create or replace PROCEDURE PROC_STU4 AS
BEGIN
--隐式游标使用
update student set stuname='张燕广' where stuno='1104';
--如果更新没有匹配则插入一条新记录
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
insert into student(STUNO,STUNAME,AGE,GENDER)
values('1104','张燕广',18,'男');
end if;
END PROC_STU4;
2.说明
所有的SQL语句在上下文区内部都是可执行的,因为都有一个游标指向上下文区,此游标就是
SQL游标,与现实游标不同的是,SQL游标在PL/SQL中不需要打开和关闭,而是在执行UPDATE、
DELETE是自动打开和关闭。
上面例子中就是通过SQL%NOTFOUND游标属性判断UPDATE语句的执行结果决定是否需要插入新记录。

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