Oracle 子程序参数模式,IN,OUT,NOCOPY
Oracle 子程序参数模式主要有IN,OUT,NOCOPY,IN和OUT可以组合,OUT和NOCOPY也可以组合使用.
IN主要用于传入参数,可以是变量,常量,表达式,在子程序内部不能改变其值.
代码如下:
DECLARE
n NUMBER := 10;
PROCEDURE do_something (
n1 IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(n1); -- prints 10
--n1:=20; --illegal assignment.
END;
BEGIN
do_something(n);
do_something(20);
END;
OUT模式用于返回值,必须传入变量调用,变量的初始的值不会传给形式参数,如>所示.
形参的值在子程序返回时(不是在形式参数改变时)才copy给实参, ,如>所示,如果在 返回之前发生异常,实际参数的值不会被改变.
代码如下:
DECLARE
n NUMBER := 10;
PROCEDURE do_something (
n1 OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('before assign: ' || n1); -- prints none >
n1:=20;
dbms_output.put_line('before return: ' || n); -- prints 10 >
END;
BEGIN
do_something(n);
dbms_output.put_line('after return: ' || n); -- prints 20
END;
NOCOPY模式用于限定OUT模式在调用时是不是以传引用的方式进行(它只是一个编译器暗示,不一定总是起作用),默认情况下,OUT模式的参数是以传值的方式进行调用的.
IN主要用于传入参数的,虽然n2 := 20被调用,但是要到返回的时候才生效.如>所示.
NOCOPY是传引用,会在赋值的时候立即生效 ,如>所示,如果在 返回之前发生异常,实际参数的值也会被改变.
由于OUT参数在 子程序返回的时候会将值copy到实际参数,所以调用完后n的值为20,如>所示.
代码如下:
DECLARE
n NUMBER := 10;
PROCEDURE do_something (
n1 IN NUMBER,
n2 IN OUT NUMBER,
n3 IN OUT NOCOPY NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
n2 := 20;
dbms_output.put_line(n1); -- prints 10>
n3 := 30;
dbms_output.put_line(n1); -- prints 30 >
END;
BEGIN
do_something(n, n, n);
dbms_output.put_line(n); -- prints 20 >
END;

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