Oracle 8i字符集乱码问题析及其解决办法
Oracle 8i字符集乱码问题析及其解决办法
正在看的ORACLE教程是:Oracle 8i字符集乱码问题析及其解决办法。一、问题描述SQL Plus WorkSheet是一个窗口图形界面的SQL语句编辑器,对于那些喜欢窗口界面而不喜欢字符界面的用户,该工具相对SQL/PLUS受到了很大的欢迎。但从Oracle 8i以后,如果安装Oracle 8i时选取的是别于英语的字符集,对于我们中国,通常会选取简体中文字符集(ZHS16GBK),安装成功后,运行SQL Plus WorkSheet程序,会出现所有的中文显示以及查询结果均为乱码的情况。
二、问题分析
最初出现该问题,首先怀疑就是安装时字符集设置有问题,也就是说没有设置正确的简体中文字符集。首先检查数据库字符集,在SQL/PLUS中,运行下面的SQL语句,检查所连接数据库的字符集:
查询结果发现数据库安装时所选字符集为简体中文ZHS16GBK,说明安装时字符集设置完全正确。第二步开始怀疑是用户客户端字符集问题,检查客户端,打开编辑程序(RegEdit),在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ORACLE/NLS_LANG,发现Oracle客户端字符集为AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK,设置也完全正确,可以排除是客户端字符集设置错误的问题。同时还有一个现象就是在同一个客户端机器上SQL/PLUS中的查询字符集显示完全正常,这也说明不是字符集设置问题,而是系统程序SQL/Plus Worksheet的问题。
在Oracle 8i以前的版本中,从来没有出现过这样的情况,这应该和Oracle版本有关,我们知道Oracle 8i和它前面的版本一个显著的区别就是大部分的Oracle系统程序,现在均采用Java驱动,其实这也就是产生字符集乱码问题的根本所在。非Java驱动的程序,如SQL*Plus,有一个系统参数NLS_LANG,该参数在UNIX系统中设置在环境变量中,在Windows操作系统中设置在中,这个参数决定了客户端应用程序的字符集。而对于基于Java应用的程序,如现在遇到的SQL*PLus Worksheet,NLS_LANG参数对这类程序是不起任何作用的。
三、解决方案
找到了问题产生的原因后,下面来讨论如何解决该问题。对于Oracle Enterprise Manager中的所有工具,有一个配置文件名为dbappscfg.properties,修改该文件即可解决上述问题。这个文件的位置在$ORACLE_HOME\sysman\config目录下,用任何的文本编辑器打开该文件,在这个文件里面,找到这样一项,
去掉注释符#,同时将其修改为SQLPLUS_NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK。
对于Windows操作系统,还需要修改一项,在文件中找到# SQLPLUS_SYSTEMROOT=c:\\WINNT40,去掉注释符,将其修改为你所在机器的操作系统主目录。如操作系统的主目录在D盘的Winnt下,则将其修改为 SQLPLUS_SYSTEMROOT=d:\\WINNT。
对于后面一项的修改只对Windows操作系统进行,对UNIX操作系统则不需要。如果在Windows操作系统中不修改该项,在Oracle Enterprise Manager中,连接系统时,会提示如下的错误:
或者
修改完成后,保存文件,退出编辑。重新连接SQL PLUS Worksheet,字符集乱码问题得到解决,显示正确的简体中文字符集。

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