SQL学习笔记四 聚合函数、排序方法
SQL学习笔记四 聚合函数、排序方法,在数据调用中非常实用。
聚合函数 count,max,min,avg,sum...select count (*) from T_Employee
select Max(FSalary) from T_Employee
排序 ASC升序 DESC降序
select * from T_Employee order by Fage
先按年龄降序排列。如果年龄相同,则按薪水升序排列
select * from T_Employee order by FAge DESC,FSalary ASC
order by 要放在 where 子句之后
通配符过滤
通配符过滤用like
单字符通配符‘_'
多字符通配符‘%'
select * from T_Employee where FName like '_erry'
NULL 是不知道的意思,而不是没有
用SQL语句查询NULL的数据不能用=或 而用is NULL或者is not NULL
select * from T_Employee where FName is NULL
in(23,25)同时匹配两个值。相当于 23 or 25
between 20 and 30 匹配介于20到30之间的数
group by分组
select FAge, count(*) from T_Employee
Group by Fage
先把相同的Fage分一组,再统计每一组的个数
group by子句要放在where子句之后。如果想取某个年龄段人数大于1的,不能用where count(*) > 1 ,因为聚合函数不能放在where子句之后。要用having子句
Having是对分组后的列进行过滤,能用的列和select中的一样。如下例中则不能用having Fsalary>2000 只能用where Fsalary>2000
select FAge, count(*) from T_Employee
Group by FAge
having count(*) > 1;
限制结果集的范围
select Top 3 * from T_Employee
order by FSalary DESC
从第六名开始选3个.2005后可以用Row_Number函数
select Top 3 * from T_Employee
where FNumber not in(select TOP 5 FNumber from T_Employee order by FSalary DESC)
order by FSalary DESC

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SUM in Oracle is used to calculate the sum of non-null values, while COUNT counts the number of non-null values of all data types, including duplicate values.

The SQL SUM function calculates the sum of a set of numbers by adding them together. The operation process includes: 1. Identifying the input value; 2. Looping the input value and converting it into a number; 3. Adding each number to accumulate a sum; 4. Returning the sum result.

Aggregate functions in SQL are used to calculate and return a single value for a set of rows. Common aggregation functions include: Numeric aggregation functions: COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), MAX() Row set aggregation functions: GROUP_CONCAT(), FIRST(), LAST() Statistical aggregation functions: STDDEV (), VARIANCE() optional aggregate functions: COUNT(DISTINCT), TOP(N)

The SUM() function in SQL is used to calculate the sum of numeric columns. It can calculate sums based on specified columns, filters, aliases, grouping and aggregation of multiple columns, but only handles numeric values and ignores NULL values.

The COUNT function in Oracle is used to count non-null values in a specified column or expression. The syntax is COUNT(DISTINCT <column_name>) or COUNT(*), which counts the number of unique values and all non-null values respectively.

MySQL's AVG() function is used to calculate the average of numeric values. It supports multiple usages, including: Calculate the average quantity of all sold products: SELECT AVG(quantity_sold) FROM sales; Calculate the average price: AVG(price); Calculate the average sales volume: AVG(quantity_sold * price). The AVG() function ignores NULL values, use IFNULL() to calculate the average of non-null values.

Non-aggregated columns in SQL are columns that store single record values and are not processed by aggregate functions. These columns contain unique values for each record and are used to identify, categorize, or filter the data.

Grouped data can be sorted using GROUP BY and ORDER BY: 1. GROUP BY groups data; 2. ORDER BY sorts each group of data.
