MySQL 通过索引优化含ORDER BY的语句
合理的建立索引能够加速数据读取效率,不合理的建立索引反而会拖慢数据库的响应速度。
关于建立索引的几个准则:
1、合理的建立索引能够加速数据读取效率,不合理的建立索引反而会拖慢数据库的响应速度。
2、索引越多,更新数据的速度越慢。
3、尽量在采用MyIsam作为引擎的时候使用索引(因为MySQL以BTree存储索引),而不是InnoDB。但MyISAM不支持Transcation。
4、当你的程序和数据库结构/SQL语句已经优化到无法优化的程度,而程序瓶颈并不能顺利解决,那就是应该考虑使用诸如memcached这样的分布式缓存系统的时候了。
5、习惯和强迫自己用EXPLAIN来分析你SQL语句的性能。
一个很容易犯的错误:
不要在选择的栏位上放置索引,这是无意义的。应该在条件选择的语句上合理的放置索引,比如where,order by。
例子:
SELECT id,title,content,cat_id FROM article WHERE cat_id = 1;
上面这个语句,你在id/title/content上放置索引是毫无意义的,对这个语句没有任何优化作用。但是如果你在外键cat_id上放置一个索引,那作用就相当大了。
几个常用ORDER BY语句的MySQL优化:
1、ORDER BY + LIMIT组合的索引优化。如果一个SQL语句形如:
这个SQL语句优化比较简单,在[sort]这个栏位上建立索引即可。
2、WHERE + ORDER BY + LIMIT组合的索引优化,形如:
这个语句,如果你仍然采用第一个例子中建立索引的方法,虽然可以用到索引,但是效率不高。更高效的方法是建立一个联合索引(columnX,sort)
3、WHERE + IN + ORDER BY + LIMIT组合的索引优化,形如:
这个语句如果你采用第二个例子中建立索引的方法,会得不到预期的效果(仅在[sort]上是using index,WHERE那里是using where;using filesort),理由是这里对应columnX的值对应多个。
这个语句怎么优化呢?我暂时没有想到什么好的办法,看到网上有便宜提供的办法,那就是将这个语句用UNION分拆,然后建立第二个例子中的索引:
但经验证,这个方法根本行不通,效率反而更低,测试时对于大部分应用强制指定使用排序索引效果更好点
4、不要再WHERE和ORDER BY的栏位上应用表达式(函数),比如:
5、WHERE+ORDER BY多个栏位+LIMIT,比如
对于这个语句,大家可能是加一个这样的索引(x,y,uid)。但实际上更好的效果是(uid,x,y)。这是由MySQL处理排序的机制造成的。
以上例子你在实际项目中应用的时候,不要忘记在添加索引后,用EXPLAIN看看效果。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The process of starting MySQL in Docker consists of the following steps: Pull the MySQL image to create and start the container, set the root user password, and map the port verification connection Create the database and the user grants all permissions to the database

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.
