mysql 左连接、右连接和内连接
以MySql为例。在MySQL数据库中建立两张数据表,并分别插入一些数据。
脚本如下:drop table table1;
CREATE TABLE `andrew`.`table1`
(
`name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
`city` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE = MyISAM;
insert into TABLE1(name, city) values ('Person A', 'BJ');
insert into TABLE1(name, city) values ('Person B', 'BJ');
insert into TABLE1(name, city) values ('Person C', 'SH');
insert into TABLE1(name, city) values ('Person D', 'SZ');
commit;
drop table table2;
CREATE TABLE `andrew`.`table2`
(
`name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
`city` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE = MyISAM;
insert into TABLE2(name, city) values ('Person W', 'BJ');
insert into TABLE2(name, city) values ('Person X', 'SH');
insert into TABLE2(name, city) values ('Person Y', 'SH');
insert into TABLE2(name, city) values ('Person Z', 'NJ');
commit;
1. 外连接 – 左连接结果
table1居左,故谓之左连接。这种情况下,以table1为主,即table1中的所有记录均会被列出。有一下三种情况:
a. 对于table1中的每一条记录对应的城市如果在table2中也恰好存在而且刚好只有一条,那么就会在
返回的结果中形成一条新的记录。如上面Person A和Person B对应的情况。
b. 对于table1中的每一条记录对应的城市如果在table2中也恰好存在而且有N条,那么就会在返回的结果中形成N条新的记录。如上面的Person C对应的情况。
c. 对于table1中的每一条记录对应的城市如果在table2中不存在,那么就会在返回的结果中形成一条
条新的记录,且该记录的右边全部NULL。如上面的Person D对应的情况。
不符合上面三条规则的记录不会被列出。
2. 外连接 – 右连接结果
table2居右,故谓之右连接。这种情况下,以table2为主,即table2中的所有记录均会被列出。有一下三种情况:
a. 对于table2中的每一条记录对应的城市如果在table1中也恰好存在而且刚好只有一条,那么就会在
返回的结果中形成一条新的记录。如上面Person X和Person Y对应的情况。
b. 对于table2中的每一条记录对应的城市如果在table1中也恰好存在而且有N条,那么就会在返回的结果中形成N条新的记录。如上面的Person W对应的情况。
c. 对于table2中的每一条记录对应的城市如果在table1中不存在,那么就会在返回的结果中形成一条
条新的记录,且该记录的左边全部NULL。如上面的Person Z对应的情况。
不符合上面三条规则的记录不会被列出。
3. 内连接
内连接的数据记录中,不会存在字段为NULL的情况。可以简单地认为,内链接的结果就是在左连接或者右连接的结果中剔除存在字段为NULL的记录后所得到的结果。甚至可以认为,如果两个表中仅分别剩下内连接运算后所得的数据记录,如table1中只有Person A、Person B和Person C,table2中只有Person W、Person X和Person Y,那么这两个表的之间的左连接和右连接的返回的结果是一样的。
注意:select * from table1 a inner join table2 b on a.city = b.city 和select * from table1 a join table2 b on a.city = b.city 的效果是一样的,即如果join的左边没有诸如left、right或者inner这样的关键字时,缺省的是内连接。另,MySQL不支持full join。

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