MySQL 实用命令
对于刚接触到mysql的朋友,需要的了解下,mysql的一些小技巧。
一) 连接MYSQL:格式: mysql -h主机地址 -u用户名 -p用户密码
1、例1:连接到本机上的MYSQL
首先在打开DOS窗口,然后进入mysql安装目录下的bin目录下,例如: D:\mysql\bin,再键入命令mysql -uroot -p,回车后提示你输密码,如果刚安装好MYSQL,超级用户root是没有密码的,故直接回车即可进入到MYSQL中了,MYSQL的提示符是:mysql>
2、例2:连接到远程主机上的MYSQL
假设远程主机的IP为:10.0.0.1,用户名为root,密码为123。则键入以下命令:
mysql -h10.0.0.1 -uroot -p123
(注:u与root可以不用加空格,其它也一样)
3、退出MYSQL命令
exit (回车)
(二) 修改密码:
格式:mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码
1、例1:给root加个密码123。首先在DOS下进入目录C:\mysql\bin,然后键入以下命令:
mysqladmin -uroot -password 123
注:因为开始时root没有密码,所以-p旧密码一项就可以省略了。
2、例2:再将root的密码改为456
mysqladmin -uroot -pab12 password 456
(三) 增加新用户:(注意:和上面不同,下面的因为是MYSQL环境中的命令,所以后面都带一个分号作为命令结束符)
格式:grant select on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by "密码"
例1、增加一个用户test1密码为abc,让他可以在任何主机上登录,并对所有数据库有查询、插入、修改、删除的权限。首先用以root用户连入MYSQL,然后键入以下命令:
grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to test1@"%" Identified by "abc";
但例1增加的用户是十分危险的,你想如某个人知道test1的密码,那么他就可以在internet上的任何一台电脑上登录你的mysql数据库并对你的数据可以为所欲为了,解决办法见例2。
例2、增加一个用户test2密码为abc,让他只可以在localhost上登录,并可以对数据库mydb进行查询、插入、修改、删除的操作(localhost指本地主机,即MYSQL数据库所在的那台主机),这样用户即使用知道test2的密码,他也无法从internet上直接访问数据库,只能通过MYSQL主机上的web页来访问了。
grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb.* to test2@localhost identified by "abc";
如果你不想test2有密码,可以再打一个命令将密码消掉。
grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb.* to test2@localhost identified by "";
(四) 显示命令
1、显示数据库列表:
show databases;
刚开始时才两个数据库:mysql和test。mysql库很重要它里面有MYSQL的系统信息,我们改密码和新增用户,实际上就是用这个库进行操作。
2、显示库中的数据表:
use mysql; //打开库
show tables;
3、显示数据表的结构:
describe 表名;
4、建库:
create database 库名;
5、建表:
use 库名;
create table 表名 (字段设定列表);
6、删库和删表:
drop database 库名;
drop table 表名;
7、将表中记录清空:
delete from 表名;
8、显示表中的记录:
select * from 表名;

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