Home Database Mysql Tutorial 在MySQL中修改密码及访问限制的设置方法详解

在MySQL中修改密码及访问限制的设置方法详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:59 PM
mysql change Password

MySQL是一个真正的多用户、多线程SQL数据库服务器。MySQL是以一个客户机/服务器结构的实现,它由一个服务器守护程序mysqld和很多不同的客户程序和库组成。

由于其源码的开放性及稳定性,且与网站流行编 挥镅 PHP的完美结合,现在很多站点都利用其当作后端数据库,使其获得了广泛应用。处于安全方面的考虑,需要为每一用户赋于对不同数据库的访问限制,以满足不同用户的要求。下面就分别讨论,供大家参考。   
  一、MySQL修改密码方法总结
  首先要说明一点的是:一般情况下,修改MySQL密码是需要有mysql里的root权限的,这样一般用户是无法更改密码的,除非请求管理员帮助修改。   
  方法一   
  使用phpMyAdmin
  (图形化管理MySql数据库的工具),这是最简单的,直接用SQL语句修改mysql数据库库的user表,不过别忘了使用PASSWORD函数,插入用户用Insert命令,修改用户用Update命令,删除用Delete命令。在本节后面有数据表user字段的详细介绍。   
  方法二   
  使用mysqladmin。输入  
  mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpasswd   
  执行这个命令后,需要输入root的原密码,这样root的密码将改为newpasswd。同样,把命令里的root改为你的用户名,你就可以改你自己的密码了。
  当然如果你的mysqladmin连接不上mysql
  server,或者你没有办法执行mysqladmin,那么这种方法就是无效的,而且mysqladmin无法把密码清空。   
  下面的方法都在mysql提示符下使用,且必须有mysql的root权限:   
  方法三   
  mysql> INSERT INTO mysql.user (Host,User,Password) VALUES
  ('%','system', PASSWORD('manager'));
  mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES   
  确切地说这是在增加一个用户,用户名为system,密码为manager。注意要使用PASSWORD函数,然后还要使用FLUSH
  PRIVILEGES来执行确认。   
  方法四   
  和方法三一样,只是使用了REPLACE语句
  mysql> REPLACE INTO mysql.user (Host,User,Password)
  VALUES('%','system',PASSWORD('manager'));
  mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES  
  方法五   
  使用SET PASSWORD语句   
  mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR system@"%" = PASSWORD('manager');   
  你也必须使用PASSWORD()函数,但是不需要使用FLUSH PRIVILEGES来执行确认。   
  方法六   
  使用GRANT ... IDENTIFIED BY语句,来进行授权。   
  mysql> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO system@"%" IDENTIFIED BY 'manager';   
  这里PASSWORD()函数是不必要的,也不需要使用FLUSH PRIVILEGES来执行确认。   
  注:PASSWORD()函数作用是为口令字加密,在程序中MySql自动解释。  
  二、MySql中访问限制的设置方法
  我们采用两种方法来设置用户。
  进入到Mysql执行目录下(通常是c:\mysql\bin)。输入mysqld-shareware.exe,输入mysql
  --user=root mysql ,不然不能添加新用户。进入到mysql>提示符下进行操作。   
  假设我们要建立一个超级用户,用户名为system,用户口令为manager。  
  方法一  
  用Grant 命令授权,输入的代码如下:
  mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO system@localhost IDENTIFIED BY
  'manager' WITH GRANT OPTION;   
  应显示:Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)   
  方法二   
  对用户的每一项权限进行设置:   
  mysql>INSERT INTO user
  VALUES('localhost','system',PASSWORD('manager'),
  'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');
  对于3.22.34版本的MySQL,这里共14个"Y",其相应的权限如下(按字段顺序排列):   
  权限 表列名称 相应解释 使用范围
  select Select_priv 只有在真正从一个表中检索时才需要select权限 表
  insert Insert_priv 允许您把新行插入到一个存在的表中 表
  update Update_priv 允许你用新值更新现存表中行的列 表
  delete Delete_priv 允许你删除满足条件的行 表
  create Create_priv 允许你创建新的数据库和表 数据库、表或索引
  drop Drop_priv 抛弃(删除)现存的数据库和表 数据库或表
  reload Reload_priv 允许您告诉服务器再读入授权表 服务器管理
  shutdown Shutdown_priv 可能被滥用(通过终止服务器拒绝为其他用户服务) 服务器管理
  process Process_priv 允许您察看当前执行的查询的普通文本,包括设定或改变口令查询 服务器管理
  file File_priv 权限可以被滥用在服务器上读取任何可读的文件到数据库表 服务器上的文件存取
  grant Grant_priv 允许你把你自己拥有的那些权限授给其他的用户 数据库或表
  references References_priv 允许你打开和关闭记录文件 数据库或表
  index Index_priv 允许你创建或抛弃(删除)索引 表
  alter Alter_priv 允许您改变表格,可以用于通过重新命名表来推翻权限系统 表  
  如果创建用户时只有select、insert、update和delete权限,则允许用户只能在一个数据库现有的表上实施操作.
  下面就可以创建我们要用到的数据库了,我们直接输入. 例如:我们要创建数据库名为XinXiKu,可用如下代码:  
  mysql>create database XinXiKu;   
  应显示:Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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