sqlserver exists,not exists的用法
exists,not exists的使用方法示例,需要的朋友可以参考下。
学生表:create table student<br>(<br> id number(8) primary key,<br> name varchar2(10),deptment number(8)<br>)
选课表:create table select_course<br>(<br> ID NUMBER(8) primary key,<br> STUDENT_ID NUMBER(8) foreign key (COURSE_ID) references course(ID),<br> COURSE_ID NUMBER(8) foreign key (STUDENT_ID) references student(ID)<br>)
课程表:create table COURSE<br>(<br> ID NUMBER(8) not null,<br> C_NAME VARCHAR2(20),<br> C_NO VARCHAR2(10)<br>)
student表的数据:<br> ID NAME DEPTMENT_ID<br>---------- --------------- -----------<br> 1 echo 1000<br> 2 spring 2000<br> 3 smith 1000<br> 4 liter 2000
course表的数据:<br> ID C_NAME C_NO<br>---------- -------------------- --------<br> 1 数据库 data1<br> 2 数学 month1<br> 3 英语 english1
select_course表的数据:<br> ID STUDENT_ID COURSE_ID<br>---------- ---------- ----------<br> 1 1 1<br> 2 1 2<br> 3 1 3<br> 4 2 1<br> 5 2 2<br> 6 3 2
1.查询选修了所有课程的学生id、name:(即这一个学生没有一门课程他没有选的。)
分析:如果有一门课没有选,则此时(1)select * from select_course sc where sc.student_id=ts.id
and sc.course_id=c.id存在null,
这说明(2)select * from course c 的查询结果中确实有记录不存在(1查询中),查询结果返回没有选的课程,
此时select * from t_student ts 后的not exists 判断结果为false,不执行查询。
SQL> select * from t_student ts where <br> (select * from course c where <br> (select * from select_course sc where sc.student_id=ts.id and sc.course_id=c.id));
ID NAME DEPTMENT_ID<br>---------- --------------- -----------<br> 1 echo 1000
2.查询没有选择所有课程的学生,即没有全选的学生。(存在这样的一个学生,他至少有一门课没有选),
分析:只要有一个门没有选,即select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id<br>=course.id 有一条为空,即not exists null 为true,此时select * from course有查询结果(id为子查询中的course.id ),
因此select id,name from t_student 将执行查询(id为子查询中t_student.id )。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where
(select * from course where
(select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));
ID NAME<br>---------- ---------------<br> 2 spring<br> 3 smith<br> 4 liter
3.查询一门课也没有选的学生。(不存这样的一个学生,他至少选修一门课程),
分析:如果他选修了一门select * from course结果集不为空,not exists 判断结果为false;
select id,name from t_student 不执行查询。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where
(select * from course where
(select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));
ID NAME<br>---------- ---------------<br> 4 liter
4.查询至少选修了一门课程的学生。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where
(select * from course where
(select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));
ID NAME<br>---------- ---------------<br> 1 echo<br> 2 spring<br> 3 smith

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