Home Database Mysql Tutorial 帮助DBA通过在DB2中几个简单的步骤找出问题的根源

帮助DBA通过在DB2中几个简单的步骤找出问题的根源

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:54 PM
db2 dba source question

性能问题可能难以诊断和修复。问题往往出现在最意想不到的时候。通常情况下,问题会不断演变,有时可能导致使用数据库的应用程序发生中断。从 DBA 的角度来看,重要的是要意识到采取主动措施,在性能开始给业务带来损害之前解决它。

本文将讨论一个分析过程,帮助 DBA 通过在几个简单的步骤找出问题的根源。

为了更好地诊断性能问题,本文讨论了一个有条理的过程,帮助确定是否存在性能问题,并制定补救措施。当 DB2® 或电子商务应用程序的性能未达到预期目标时,整个组织和财务底线都可能受到影响。

本文旨在指导 DBA 在 Windows® 上定义和诊断 DB2 的性能问题。本文涵盖的内容如下:

  • 使用 Windows 工具收集的信息
  • 使用 DB2 工具收集的信息
  • 问题的调查和解决

假设

本文假定读者对数据库、SQL 和 DB2 LUW 已有基本的了解。对 UNIX® 的性能调优和监控有基本的了解可能会对您有所帮助。

性能问题以及它们与系统资源的关联

性能问题涵盖广泛的场景:

  • SQL 查询执行速度比预期慢
  • 工作负载或批处理作业没有在预期时间内完成,或事务率和吞吐量在一段时间内逐步下降
  • 系统整体速度下降

在大多数情况下,出现性能问题是因为系统资源的使用不当或 CPU、IO 和内存等资源的过度使用,这往往揭示了这些系统资源中的瓶颈。在经过适当调优的环境中,系统资源会得到最佳使用,不会过度依赖其中任何一种资源。

诊断性能问题的第一个步骤是,识别所有资源瓶颈。Windows 提供了一些可以帮助识别这些瓶颈的工具。

CPU 瓶颈

如果系统上有一个或多个 CPU 一直显示 90% 以上的利用率,这通常意味着系统存在 CPU 瓶颈。任务管理器可以帮助您找出系统是否存在 CPU 瓶颈。其他工具(如 perfmon.exe 和资源监视器)会显示 CPU 利用率,也可以帮助识别 CPU 瓶颈。

内存瓶颈

内存瓶颈并不是很常见,这主要是因为数据库的堆和参数通常是根据可用内存进行配置的。但是,如果在 perfmon 和资源监视器中看到非常低的可用内存,那么这可能表示存在内存瓶颈。有时候,在使用 STMM 时,系统上的可用内存可能会非常低,但这并不总是意味着该系统存在内存瓶颈。

网络瓶颈

如果在资源监视器中看到非常高的网络利用率,那么这可能表示存在网络瓶颈。资源监视器以百分比的形式显示网络利用率,这有助于快速识别网络瓶颈。如果资源监视器显示网络利用率在 80% 以上,这通常表示存在网络瓶颈。

I/O 瓶颈

如果系统上有一个或多个磁盘在 90% 以上的时间一直处于忙碌状态,或磁盘队列长度不断显示较高的数量,这通常意味着系统存在 I/O 磁盘瓶颈。Windows工具(如资源监视器和 perfmon)可以帮助识别 I/O 瓶颈。任务管理器确实可以显示 I/O 活动,但资源监视器和 perfmon 可以显示每个磁盘的 I/O 详细信息,还可以显示活动时间的百分比,这有助于识别任何特定的磁盘上是否存在瓶颈。

有多种 Windows 工具可以帮助确定系统是否有一个或多个资源瓶颈。

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