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oracle 全文索引详细做法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:46 PM
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oracle 全文索引详细做法


Oracle从7.3开始支持全文检索,即用户可以使用Oracle服务器的上下文(ConText)选项完成基于文本的查询。具体可以采用通配符查找、模糊匹配、相关分类、近似查找、条件加权和词意扩充等方法。在Oracle8.0.x中称为ConText ;在Oracle8i中称为interMedia Text ; Oracle9i中称为Oracle Text。

Oracle Text是9i标准版和企业版的一部分。Oracle9i将全文检索功能做为内置功能提供给用户,使得用户在创建实例时自动安装全文检索。Oracle Text的应用领域有很多:

l         搜索文本 :需要快捷有效搜索文本数据的应用程序。

l         管理多种文档:允许搜索各种混和文档格式的应用程序,包括ord,excel,lotus等。

l         从多种数据源中检索文本:不仅来自Oracle数据库中的文本数据,而且可以来自Internet和文件系统的文本数据。

l         搜索XML应用程序。

 

GRANT CTXAPP TO XYADMIN;
 Begin
    -- 定义一个词法分析器
    --ctx_ddl.drop_preference('cnlex');
    --ctx_ddl.create_preference('cnlex','CHINESE_LEXER');  --针对中文
    ctx_ddl.create_preference('cnlex','chinese_vgram_lexer');  --针对中文
    -- 定义一个相关词表
    --ctx_ddl.drop_preference('mywordlist');
    --ctx_ddl.create_preference('mywordlist', 'BASIC_WORDLIST');
    --ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','PREFIX_INDEX','TRUE');
    --ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','PREFIX_MIN_LENGTH',1);
    --ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','PREFIX_MAX_LENGTH', 5);
    --ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','SUBSTRING_INDEX', 'YES');
  end;
 
COMMIT;
drop index CorporationName_index force
drop index BusinessScope_index force

--CREATE INDEX CorporationName_index ON CorporationMainTable(CorporationName) indextype is ctxsys.context
--parameters ('DATASTORE CTXSYS.DIRECT_DATASTORE FILTER
--CTXSYS.NULL_FILTER LEXER cnlex WORDLIST mywordlist');

CREATE INDEX CorporationName_index ON CorporationMainTable(CorporationName) indextype is ctxsys.context PARAMETERS ('lexer cnlex');
CREATE INDEX BusinessScope_index ON CorporationMainTable(BusinessScope) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT PARAMETERS ('lexer cnlex');

 

exec ctx_ddl.sync_index('CorporationName_index');

-- sync:
VARIABLE jobno number;
BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(:jobno,'ctx_ddl.sync_index(''CorporationName_index'');
ctx_ddl.sync_index(''BusinessScope_index'');
ctx_ddl.sync_index(''LegalRepresentative_index'');',
SYSDATE, 'SYSDATE + (1/24/4)');
commit;
END;

-- optimizer
VARIABLE jobno number;
BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(:jobno,'ctx_ddl.optimize_index(''CorporationName_index'',''FULL'');
ctx_ddl.optimize_index(''BusinessScope_index'',''FULL'');
ctx_ddl.optimize_index(''LegalRepresentative_index'',''FULL'');',
SYSDATE, 'SYSDATE + 1');
commit;
END;
grant execute any procedure to CREDIT_CORP;
exec dbms_job.run(73);
exec dbms_job.remove(69);
exec dbms_job.remove(72);
* from user_jobs;

--其中,第一个job的SYSDATE + (1/24/4)是指每隔15分钟同步一次,第二个job的SYSDATE + 1是每隔1天做一次全优化。具体的时间间隔,你可以根据自己的应用的需要而定。至此,你的全文检索功能已设置完成。

搜索文本

       不使用Oracle text功能,也有很多方法可以在Oracle数据库中搜索文本.可以使用标准的INSTR函数和LIKE操作符实现.

SELECT *

  FROM  mytext

 WHERE  INSTR (thetext, 'Oracle') > 0;

SELECT *

  FROM mytext

 WHERE thetext LIKE '%Oracle%';

有很多时候,使用instr和like是很理想的,特别是搜索仅跨越很小的表的时候。然而通过这些文本定位的方法将导致全表扫描,对资源来说消耗比较昂贵,而且实现的搜索功能也非常有限。

利用Oracle Text,你可以回答如“在存在单词’Oracle’的行同时存在单词’Corporation’而且两单词间距不超过10个单词的文本,查询含有单词’Oracle’或者单词’california’的文本,并且将结果按准确度进行排序,含有词根train的文本”,以下的sql代码实现了如上功能,我们且不管这些语法是如何使用的:

DROP INDEX index mytext_idx;  --丢弃索引mytext_idx

/

CREATE INDEX mytext_idx

ON mytext( thetext )

INDEXTYPE is CTXSYS.CONTEXT; --创建CONTEXT类型索引mytext_idx

/

SELECT id

  FROM mytext

 WHERE contains (thetext, 'near((Oracle,Corporation),10)') > 0; --发出contains查询

SELECT score (1), id

    FROM mytext

   WHERE contains (thetext, 'Oracle or california', 1) > 0

ORDER BY score (1) DESC

/

SELECT id

  FROM mytext

 WHERE contains (thetext, '$train') > 0;

 

--其中,第一个job的SYSDATE + (1/24/4)是指每隔15分钟同步一次,第二个job的SYSDATE + 1是每隔1天做一次全优化。具体的时间间隔,你可以根据自己的应用的需要而定。至此,你的全文检索功能已设置完成。

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