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SQL Server中的窗口函数

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:37 PM
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简介 SQL Server 2012之后对窗口函数进行了极大的加强,但对于很多开发人员来说,对窗口函数却不甚了解,导致了这样强大的功能被浪费,因此本篇文章主要谈一谈SQL Server中窗口函数的概念。 什么是窗口函数 窗口函数,也可以被称为OLAP函数或分析函数。理解

简介

    SQL Server 2012之后对窗口函数进行了极大的加强,但对于很多开发人员来说,对窗口函数却不甚了解,导致了这样强大的功能被浪费,因此本篇文章主要谈一谈SQL Server中窗口函数的概念。

 

什么是窗口函数

    窗口函数,也可以被称为OLAP函数或分析函数。理解窗口函数可以从理解聚合函数开始,我们知道聚合函数的概念,就是将某列多行中的值按照聚合规则合并为一行,比如说Sum、AVG等等,简单的概念如图1所示。

1

图1.聚合函数

 

    因此,通常来说,聚合后的行数都要小于聚合前的行数。而对于窗口函数来说,输入结果等于输出结果,举一个简单的例子,如果你计算产品类型A和产品类型B,A产品分5小类,B产品分2小类,应用了窗口函数的结果后可以还是7行,对窗口函数应用了Count后,附加在每一行上,比如说“A产品,A小类1,5“,而B小类则变为”B产品,B小类1,2”最后一列就是应用了窗口函数的结果。

    现在我们对窗口函数有了初步的概览,文章后我会提供一些具体的例子来让对窗口函数的概念更加深刻,窗口函数除了上面提到的输入行等于输出行之外,还有如下特性和好处:

    窗口函数是整个SQL语句最后被执行的部分,,这意味着窗口函数是在SQL查询的结果集上进行的,因此不会受到Group By, Having,Where子句的影响。

    窗口函数的典型范例是我们在SQL Server 2005之后用到的排序函数,比如代码清单1所示。

Row_Number() OVER (partition by xx ORDER BY xxx desc) RowNumber

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