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sql 删除表数据truncate delete drop的区别

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:37 PM
delete drop truncate delete the difference data

sql 删除表数据truncate delete drop的区别 已下内容为转载内容:学习之用 1.truncate和不带where子句的delete、以及drop都会删除表内的数据。 2.drop、truncate都是DDL语句(数据定义语言),执行后会自动提交。 不同点: 1. truncate 和 delete 只删除数据不

sql 删除表数据truncate delete drop的区别

已下内容为转载内容:学习之用

1.truncate和不带where子句的delete、以及drop都会删除表内的数据。

 

2.drop、truncate都是DDL语句(数据定义语言),执行后会自动提交。

 

不同点:

1. truncate 和 delete 只删除数据不删除表的结构(定义)
drop 语句将删除表的结构被依赖的约束(constrain)、触发器(trigger)、索引(index);依赖于该表的存储过程/函数将保留,但是变为 invalid 状态。

 

2. delete 语句是数据库操作语言(dml),这个操作会放到 rollback segement 中,事务提交之后才生效;如果有相应的 trigger,执行的时候将被触发。
truncate、drop 是数据库定义语言(ddl),操作立即生效,原数据不放到 rollback segment 中,不能回滚,操作不触发 trigger。

 

3.delete 语句不影响表所占用的 extent,高水线(high watermark)保持原位置不动
drop 语句将表所占用的空间全部释放。
truncate 语句缺省情况下见空间释放到 minextents个 extent,除非使用reuse storage;truncate 会将高水线复位(回到最开始)。

 

4.速度,一般来说: drop> truncate > delete

 

5.安全性:小心使用 drop 和 truncate,尤其没有备份的时候.否则哭都来不及
使用上,想删除部分数据行用 delete,注意带上where子句. 回滚段要足够大.
想删除表,当然用 drop
想保留表而将所有数据删除,如果和事务无关,用truncate即可。如果和事务有关,或者想触发trigger,还是用delete。
如果是整理表内部的碎片,可以用truncate跟上reuse stroage,,再重新导入/插入数据。


6.delete是DML语句,不会自动提交。drop/truncate都是DDL语句,执行后会自动提交。

 

7、TRUNCATE   TABLE   在功能上与不带   WHERE   子句的   DELETE   语句相同:二者均删除表中的全部行。但   TRUNCATE   TABLE   比   DELETE   速度快,且使用的系统和事务日志资源少。DELETE   语句每次删除一行,并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项。TRUNCATE   TABLE   通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据,并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放。 

 

8、TRUNCATE   TABLE   删除表中的所有行,但表结构及其列、约束、索引等保持不变。新行标识所用的计数值重置为该列的种子。如果想保留标识计数值,请改用   DELETE。如果要删除表定义及其数据,请使用   DROP   TABLE   语句。  
   
9、对于由   FOREIGN   KEY   约束引用的表,不能使用   TRUNCATE   TABLE,而应使用不带   WHERE   子句的   DELETE   语句。由于   TRUNCATE   TABLE   不记录在日志中,所以它不能激活触发器。    
 

10、TRUNCATE   TABLE   不能用于参与了索引视图的表

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