Home Database Mysql Tutorial [原创]状态值在数据库中的检索

[原创]状态值在数据库中的检索

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:36 PM
mysql sql optimization

对于关系型数据库而言,针对表的检索,一般来说,建立合适的索引就可以达到很好的检索效果。(这里不包含表设计的合理与否)比如像状态列这样可选择性非常低的值

对于关系型数据库而言,针对表的检索,一般来说,建立合适的索引就可以达到很好的检索效果。(这里不包含表设计的合理与否)

比如像状态列这样可选择性非常低的值,该如何检索?  其实这个已经不是关系型数据库擅长的方面了。 但是如果出于历史或者许多不可抗拒的原因,

我们还得在关系表中进行优化,该咋办?   一般来说,就是建立静态表。 但是静态表也是多重多样,该如何选择? 我下面列举几个简单的例子,当然了,

由于个人的脑子尺度不够大,有可能有些遗漏。


原始表。

20 完条记录, 大概36MB大小。

t_girl>create table rank_status (id integer not null, i_status varchar(3) not null);


第一种呢,就是建立LIST 表,这种表,可以当做静态表,也可以当做原始表来做相关的更新。

只有2条记录,大概720KB大小。

t_girl>create table rank_status_extend (i_status varchar(3) not null, ids text);


我们可以对两张表都做对应的更新操作。


插入一条记录。

t_girl> insert into rank_status values (222222,'yes'); Time: 4.397 ms t_girl>update rank_status_extend set ids = ids ||','||'222222' where i_status = 'yes'; Time: 43.725 ms

删除一条记录。

t_girl>delete from rank_status where i_status = 'yes' and id = 1; Time: 47.339 ms t_girl>update rank_status_extend set ids = replace(ids,',1,',',') where i_status = 'yes'; Time: 45.046 ms


更新一条记录。

t_girl>update rank_status set id = 1000 where i_status = 'yes' and id = 20; Time: 65.834 ms t_girl>update rank_status_extend set ids = replace(ids,',20,',',1000,') where i_status = 'yes'; Time: 85.974 ms


我们看到,在对表的写操作中,第二张表会比第一张慢一点。


其实我们最主要的是关心读操作。其实在读上面还是很有优势的。


t_girl>select count(*) as total from rank_status where i_status = 'yes'; total ------- 99600 (1 row) Time: 86.563 ms t_girl>select length(ids) - length(replace(ids,',','')) + 1 as total from rank_status_extend where i_status = 'yes'; total ------- 99600 (1 row) Time: 35.762 ms t_girl>select string_agg(id::text,','),i_status from rank_status group by i_status; Time: 113.393 ms t_girl>select ids from rank_status_extend where i_status = 'yes'; Time: 2.447 ms



接下来第二种呢,就是分别建立两张表, 但是这两张表呢,少了存放状态值的字段,所以在尺寸上小了很多。

t_girl>create table rank_status_yes (id int not null); 3552 kB t_girl>create table rank_status_no(id int not null); 3584 kB

当然这张表的检索肯定比原始表来的快,这里,我就不演示了。


第三种呢,就是建立一张物化视图,

t_girl>create materialized view mv_rank_status_yes as select * from rank_status where i_status = 'yes';

这种其实和第二种表很类似。只不过不同的是第二种表的维护需要人工来做,而这个视图系统可以维护。


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