Home Database Mysql Tutorial RMAN 相应概念介绍

RMAN 相应概念介绍

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:32 PM
or oracle database

RMAN(recovery manager)是oracle提供的备份恢复工具。其实使用sql结合OS命令也可以执行备份恢复,也更为灵活,但是对于初学者来

RMAN(recovery manager)是Oracle提供的备份恢复工具。其实使用sql结合OS命令也可以执行备份恢复,也更为灵活,但是对于初学者来说还是使用rman这种方法比较好;

rman  用了管理备份、转储和恢复操作。该工具执行的命令统统在服务器进程执行,所以目标数据库必须处于mount或open状态,如果使用了恢复目录,那么恢复目录数据库要处于open状态;

先介绍几个rman里所用到的专有名词:

目标数据库:需要备份、转储和恢复的数据库;

恢复目录数据库:专门用来管理rman资料库(由执行rman操作是产生的元数据组成)的数据库,同时会在目标数据库的控制文件中保存,但是控制文件中的信息受时间限制(control_file_record_keep_time 默认7天);

通道:当执行rman操作时需要在目标数据库和存储设备之间建立连接,称作通道(channel),可以配置多个;

 

rman 特点:可以备份数据库、表空间、数据文件、控制文件、归档日志、spfile;不能备份重做日志、pfile和口令文件;如果需要定期执行备份,那么可以将这些rman操作放在一些脚本文件中(使用脚本必须使用恢复目录);rman备份是只备份用过的block;

 

连接到目标数据库

只有sysdba角色的用户才能登陆;

--不使用恢复目录

rman  target sys/admin@orcl  nocatalog;

--使用恢复目录

rman  target sys/admin@orcl  catalog  rm_user_name/rm_user_passwd@orcl_far

 

使用恢复目录数据库时的操作:

首先在改数据库上创建一个专门用来管理catalog的用户,并赋予connect、resource、recovery_catalog_owner 三个角色;

然后 create catalog 创建catalog

然后连接上目标数据库

register database; 注册数据库;在任何时候你可以用 unregister database 去注销数据库的注册;这时会丢失掉控制文件内所为保存的备份信息(一般是7天之外的信息丢失);并且里面的脚本文件也丢失; 如果时间在7天之内,那么可以重新注册,那么rman会执行resync catalog从目标数据库中的控制文件中把这几天的备份信息同步到恢复目录;如果没有自动执行,那么可以手动执行。

 

也可以在rman提示符下(与上面两条照应)

rman nocatalog

connect target sys/admin@orcl

 

rman

connect target sys/admin@orcl

connect catalog rm_user_name/rm_user_passwd@orcl_far

 

rman 里执行sql语句的格式  SQL 'alter system archive log ';

如果sql语句中有单引号,那么需要在单引号处再加一个单引号转义,然后把整个sql的单引号换为双引号;

 

show all 显示所有的rman的配置;

report schema 列出目标数据库的表空间、数据文件及临时文件;

report obsolete 列出废弃的备份;

report  unrecoverable 列出不可恢复的备份;

 

 

list backup 列出备份的详细信息;

list script names 列出存储脚本名称;

list backup summary 列出备份摘要信息;

 

delete backup 删除所有的备份;

delete obsolete  删除所有的过期的备份;

 

backup  database; 备份数据库

backup  tablespace  users ;备份users表空间;

backup  datafile 6 ;备份6好数据文件;

backup spfile format=’d:\backup\%d_%s’; 备份spfile文件;

 

backup incremental  level 0 tablespace users; 0级别增量备份;

backup incremental  level 1 tablespace users; 1级别增量备份;

 

--在执行累计备份时,需要先执行一个0级增量备份;

backup incremental  level 0 tablespace users; 0级别增量备份;

 

backup incremental  level 1 cumulative tablespace usres; 1级累计备份;

 

 

启动到mount状态

rman target  sys/admin@orcl rm_user_name/rm_user_passwd@orcl_far

restore database; 转储数据库

recover database; 恢复数据库

打开数据库

创建存储脚本

cereate  script  bak_script{backup datafile 6; slq ‘alter system archive log current’;}

运行脚本

run{execute script bak_script;}

显示脚本信息

print script bak_script

删除脚本

delete script bak_script

升级恢复目录

upgrade catalog 这时会提示你再执行一次该命令,进行升级,,如果不执行,那么可以知道rman是那个版本的;

 

删除恢复目录

drop  catalog;

推荐阅读:

Oracle基础教程之通过RMAN复制数据库

RMAN备份策略制定参考内容

RMAN备份学习笔记

Oracle数据库备份加密 RMAN加密

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