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Oracle 生成和显示执行计划的方法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:27 PM

Oracle 生成和显示执行计划的方法,除执行过的sql会在内存中生成执行计划外,还可以通过explain plan让优化器对sql语句进行解析,

生成执行计划

一条合法的语句在执行之后,就会在内存中至少产生一条执行计划,可以从视图v$sql_plan查询。每一条执行计划对于一个游标。一条语句生产的第一个游标的CHILD_NUMBER(即v$sql_plan中的CHILD_NUMBER)为0,同一条sql语句可能因为环境或版本等其他因素不同而产生不同的执行计划,也就是说一条sql可能有多个CHILD_NUMBER

除执行过的sql会在内存中生成执行计划外,还可以通过explain plan让优化器对sql语句进行解析,生成查询计划。执行explain plan命令后,Oracle会将解释生成的执行计划插入sys.plan_table$(10g之前,表名为plan_table;10g之后,通过公共同义词plan_table指向sys.plan_table$)中。explain plan产生的执行计划不会在语句执行时重用,而是以类似explain plan for的形式在缓存中。

显示执行计划

 通过DBMS_XPLAN包显示执行计划(推荐)

DBMS_XPLAN含有5个函数用于输出格式化的执行计划,如下:

display:显示explain plan命令解释的执行计划

display_cursor:显示内存中的执行计划

display_awr:awr历史数据中的执行计划

display_sqlset:SQL优化集中语句的执行计划

display_sql_plan_baseline:SQL执行计划基线

display的用法

语法: 

DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY( table_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'PLAN_TABLE', statement_id IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, format IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'TYPICAL', filter_preds IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL);

参数: 

ParameterDescription

table_name

存储查询计划的表名,默认值为PLAN_TABLE

statement_id

要显示查询计划的SQL语句的ID,如果为空,就会获取最近一条被解释的语句

format

输出格式,有以下几种预定义的格式可选择,,还可以自定义(这里不多说):

  • BASIC:基本格式,内容最少.

  • TYPICAL: 典型格式,通常够用,默认格式

  • SERIAL: 串行执行格式,这种格式和典型格式输出内容基本一致,只是对于并行查询,不会输出相关的并行内容

  • ALL: 完全格式,输出内容相对完整

  • filter_preds

    该参数用谓词条件过滤存储执行计划的表,例如'plan_id = 10或cost>100(显示估算代价大于100的操作),该值默认为空

    示例:

    用explain plan执行sql语句:

    EXPLAIN PLAN FOR
    SELECT * FROM emp e, dept d
      WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno
      AND e.ename='benoit';
    Display the plan using the DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY table function

    SET LINESIZE 130
    SET PAGESIZE 0
    SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);
    输出结果如下

    Plan hash value: 3693697075
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time    |
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |  0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |    1 |    57 |    6  (34)| 00:00:01 |
    |*  1 |  HASH JOIN        |      |    1 |    57 |    6  (34)| 00:00:01 |
    |*  2 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    1 |    37 |    3  (34)| 00:00:01 |
    |  3 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |    4 |    80 |    3  (34)| 00:00:01 |
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
    ---------------------------------------------------
      1 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
      2 - filter("E"."ENAME"='benoit')

    15 rows selected.

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