快速搭建Oracle Linux 5 上 Oracle Database 11g 测试环境
由于数据库需要某些软件包、软件包版本以及内核参数微调，在系统上安装 Oracle Database 10g 或 11g之前，需要预先配置操作环境。
简化 Oracle Linux 5 上 Oracle Database11g 的安装
目录
1． 介绍适用于 Oracle Linux 的oracle-validated 的RPM
2. 安装 oracle-validated RPM
3. 配置目录，及设置目录的所有者所属组和权限
4．安装 Oracle Database
说明：鉴于本人能力有限，接触oracle没多久，在学习安装oracle时，发现安装oracle的测试环境时，很多问题是由于没有把oracle要求的rpm装完备，而导致后续的安装失败，我在学习了一些资料后发现试用本方法可以很快安装rpm包，也不会遗漏，特整理出来分享给大家，在编辑过程中不免存在一些问题，希望大家发现后不吝予以指出，我的邮箱是：lixora@foxmail.com , 本人非常愿意和那些对oracle感兴趣的同学交朋友，如果学习上有什么问题的话，非常愿意交流。
Version：2.0
Made by：lixora
Date：07.20.2012
1. 介绍适用于 Oracle Linux 的oracle-validated 的RPM
(这一部分可跳过不看，供感兴趣的朋友参考)
由于数据库需要某些软件包、软件包版本以及内核参数微调，在系统上安装 Oracle Database 10g 或 11g之前，需要预先配置操作环境。（一定要阅读相应的 Oracle Database 安装指南以便熟悉硬件、软件和操作系统要求。）在 Oracle Linux 上，我发现有一种非常轻松的办法可以让系统满足这些安装先决条件：首先安装一个名为 oracle-validated 的 RPM 软件包。此 RPM 执行一些预配置步骤，包括：
促使下载和安装数据库安装所需的各种软件包和特定版本，通过 yum 或 up2date功能来解析软件包依赖项
创建用户 oracle 和组 oinstall 及 dba，这些将在数据库安装期间使用
修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 中的内核参数以更改共享内存、信号、最大文件描述符数量等设置
设置 /etc/security/limits.conf 中的软硬 shell 资源限制，如锁定内存地址空间、打开的文件数量、进程数和核心文件大小
针对 x86_64 计算机，在内核中设置 numa=off
请注意，，oracle-validated 只是根据数据库安装的需要来分析现有的 /etc/sysctl.conf 和 /etc/security/limits.conf文件并更新值。所有与数据库安装无关的预自定义设置保持不变。
oracle-validated RPM 软件包可通过 Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network（ULN，它需要支持合同）、Oracle Linux 发行介质或 Oracle 公共 yum 信息库获取。因此，无论系统是否在 ULN 注册访问 Oracle 补丁和支持，您均可使用 oracle-validated 来简化 Oracle Linux 上的数据库安装。不过要记住，Oracle 公共 yum 信息库不会更新安全更新和错误修补，因此保持最新和安全的系统的最佳方式是使用 ULN 订阅。
备注:以 # 开头的为root用户,$ 为oracle用户
2.安装 oracle-validated RPM
本文其余部分将逐步介绍我通过 Oracle 公共 yum 信息库在 Oracle Linux 上安装 oracle-validated 的过程。我首先从一个运行适用于 x86_64 的 Oracle Linux 第 5 版 Update 7 的系统开始，这个 64 位版本的 Oracle Linux 是我从 Oracle 软件交付云（需要注册或登录）下载的。首先，设置一个 yum 配置文件，让其指向正确的信息库，然后从该信息库安装 oracle-validated RPM。
以下是针对 Oracle Database 安装使用 oracle-validated 对系统进行预配置的步骤：
1、挂载本地光盘到系统：把rhel6.2安装光盘放入光驱，在终端命令行下操作
#mkdir /media/oel #新建挂载目录
#mount /dev/cdrom /media/oel #挂载光盘到/media/rhel目录下
#cd /media/oel #进入挂载目录
#ls #查看挂载目录，光盘挂载成功
2、配置本地yum源
#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ #进入yum配置目录
#touch oel-media.repo #建立yum配置文件
#vi oel-media.repo #编辑配置文件，添加以下内容
##########################
[oel-media]
name= oel5.8 #自定义名称
baseurl=file:///media/oel/Server #本地光盘挂载路径
enabled=1 #启用yum源，0为不启用，1为启用
gpgcheck=0 #检查GPG-KEY，0为不检查，1为检查
#gpgkey=file:///media/rhel/RPM-GPG-KEY-RedHat-release #GPG-KEY路，
##########################
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