Oracle dba培训教程 第一章 Oracle的体系结构
Oracle 在使用任何的DML和DDL操作改变数据之前都将恢复所需的信息,在写数据库高速缓冲区之前,先写入重做日志缓冲区。与查询语句
小结:
1.在数据库(数据文件)中所存的数据是否一致?
在数据库关闭的情况下应该一致;在数据库非正常关闭的情况下应该不一致;在数据库开启的情况下可能
存在不一致的数据。
2.数据库写进程是提交之前把在数据库高速缓冲区中的数据写入到数据文件中还是在提交之后写呢?
可能在之前写也可能在之后写。
应该掌握的内容:
1.在数据库系统中什么是稀有资源?
内存
2.Oracle服务器的组成?
oracle数据库,oracle实例
3.oracle体系结构的轮廓?
包括oracle服务器,oracle其他的关键文件(password file,parameter file,archived redo log
file),用户进程,服务器进程等。
4.oracle实例?
oracle实例是一种访问数据库的机制,它由内存结构(share pool,database buffer cache,redo log
buffer和其他一些结构)和一些后台进程(SMON,PMON,CKPT,DBWR,LGWR等)组成,实例一旦启动,则分配
SGA和所需的后台进程,,每个实例只能操作其对应一个数据库。
5.服务器的三种安装方式?
基于主机方式:用户可直接在安装了oracle的计算机上登录oracle数据库。
客户端—服务器(两层模型):数据库和客户终端分别安装在不同的计算机上,用户可以通过网络从个人
计算机上访问数据库
客户端—应用服务器—服务器(三层模型):用户首先从自己的个人计算机登录应用服务器,在通过应用
服务器访问真正的数据库。
6.oracle引入实例的目的?
作为一种连接数据库的机制。
7.oracle数据库(物理/外存结构)?
oracle数据库时数据的一个集合,oracle把这些数据作为一个完整的单位来处理。由数据文件,重做日志
文件,控制文件组成。
8.oracle其他的几个关键文件?
初始化参数文件,密码文件,归档重做日志文件。
9.怎样建立与实例的连接?
基于主机方式:通过操作系统内部进程通信(inter process communication,IPC)实现客户端-服务器:利用网络协议
客户端-应用服务器-服务器:用户的个人计算机通过网络与应用服务器通信,应用服务器又通过网络与运行数据库的计算机相连。
10.服务器进程和程序全局区?
当用户连接oracle服务器时,oracle就在该服务器所在计算机上创建一个服务器进程,负责对数据库操作。
当Oracle创建一个服务器进程的同时要为该服务器进程分配一个内存区,该内存区称为程序全局区,是一个私有的内存区,不能共享,且只属于一个进程。
PGA包括以下结构:排序区,游标状态区,会话信息区,堆栈区。

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