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php解决抢购秒杀抽奖等大流量并发入库导致的库存负数的问题

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:18 PM
php

我们知道数据库处理sql是一条条处理的,假设购买商品的流程是这样的:

sql1:查询商品库存

if(库存数量 > 0)
{
  //生成订单...
  sql2:库存-1
}
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当没有并发时,上面的流程看起来是如此完美,假设同时两个人下单,而库存只有1个了,在sql1阶段两个人查询到的库存都是>0的,于是最终都执行了sql2,库存最后变为-1,超售了,要么补库存,要么等用户投诉吧。

解决这个问题比较流行的思路:

1.用额外的单进程处理一个队列,下单请求放到队列里,一个个处理,就不会有并发的问题了,但是要额外的后台进程以及延迟问题,不予考虑。

2.数据库乐观锁,大致的意思是先查询库存,然后立马将库存+1,然后订单生成后,在更新库存前再查询一次库存,看看跟预期的库存数量是否保持一致,不一致就回滚,提示用户库存不足。

3.根据update结果来判断,我们可以在sql2的时候加一个判断条件update ... where 库存>0,如果返回false,则说明库存不足,并回滚事务。

4.借助文件排他锁,在处理下单请求的时候,用flock锁定一个文件,如果锁定失败说明有其他订单正在处理,此时要么等待要么直接提示用户"服务器繁忙"

本文要说的是第4种方案,大致代码如下:

阻塞(等待)模式

<?php
$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
if(flock($fp,LOCK_EX))
{
  //..处理订单
  flock($fp,LOCK_UN);
}
fclose($fp);
?>
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非阻塞模式

<?php
$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
if(flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB))
{
  //..处理订单
  flock($fp,LOCK_UN);
}
else
{
  echo "系统繁忙,请稍后再试";
}

fclose($fp);
?>
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以上就是对php解决抢购秒杀抽奖等大流量并发入库导致的库存负数的问题的全部介绍,如果您想了解更多有关php编程入门,请关注PHP中文网。

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