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MySQL性能调优之Memory or SSD?

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:13 PM

SLC因为速度快,使用寿命长,一般被用在企业级SSD上。而MLC则多用在消费级市场,如workstation。Fusion-io开发出一种管理MLC闪存

当一个传统的向外扩展的方式对于MySQL来讲变得流行,看看我们不得不扩充哪一方面(便宜的内存?快速存储?更好的电源效率?)将会变得非常有趣。这里确实有很多种选择——我每周大概会遇到一个客户使用Fushion-IO 卡。然而,我却看到了他们一个有趣的选择——他们选择购买一个SSD,当他们每秒仍然能读取很多页的时候(这时,我宁愿选择购买内存来取代),而使用存储驱动器做“写操作”使用。

 

在这里,我提出几个参考标准来供你确认是否是以上我说的这种情况:

  • Percona-XtraDB-9.1 release
  • Sysbench(开源性能测试工具)的OLTP有8千万行的“工作量”(大概等同于18GB的数据+索引)
  • XFS 文件系统选择nobarrier选项安装
  • 测试运行具有:
  • 1.        带有BBU的RAID 10硬盘超过8块(所谓BBU,社区的解释是在掉电的情况下,能够cache数据72h,当机器供电正常,再从cache中将数据写入磁盘)

    2.        Inter SSD X25-E 32GB

    3.        FushionIO 320GB MLC【1】

  • 对于每一次测试,在运行的时候将缓冲池设置在2G到22G之间(为了和合适的内存比较性能)
  • 硬件配置:
  • Dell PowerEdgeR900

    4 QuadCoreIntel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7320 @ 2.13GHz (16 cores in total)

    32GB of RAM

    RAID10 on 8disks 2.5” 15K RPMS

    FusionIO 160GBSLC

    FusionIO 320GBMLC

    OS:

    CentOS 5.5

    XFS filesystem

    开始,我们对RAID 10的存储做一个测试以建立一个基线。Y轴是每秒传输的数据(传输速率,它越大越好)。X轴是innodb_buffer_pool_size的大小。


    我特地挑选了关于该测试中的三个有趣的点

  • A点,当数据完全符合缓冲池大小(最佳性能)。一旦你达到该点,简直就像内存的进一步增加,了解该信息很重要。
  • B坐标出现在当数据刚开始超过缓冲池的大小。这对于许多用户来讲是最让人头疼的一点了。因为当内存下降仅10%,而性能却比原来降低了2.6倍。在产品中,这通常应对着这样的说辞——“上个星期一切看起来都还OK,但它却正在变得越来越慢!”。我想建议你,增加内存是迄今为止最好的做法,在这种情况下。
  • C点展示数据大约是缓冲池三倍的地方。它是一个有趣的点,既然你不能够计算出内存的花费(可能不了解未来遇到瓶颈需要耗费多少购买内存的成本),这是购买一个SSD可能更为合适。
  • linux

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