Oracle的事务处理机制
Oracle的事务处理机制,在数据库中事务是工作的逻辑单元,一个事务是由一个或多个完成一组的相关行为的SQL语句组成,通过事务机制确
一、事务概念
概念:在数据库中事务是工作的逻辑单元,一个事务是由一个或多个完成一组的相关行为的SQL语句组成,通过事务机制确保这一组SQL语句所作的操作要么完全成功执行,完成整个工作单元操作,要么一点也不执行。
二、事物的特性
a) 主要特性:确保数据库的完整性。
b) 事务的ACID特性
i. 原子性(Atomicity)
事务的原子性是指事务中包含的所有操作要么全做,要么不做,也就是说所有的活动在数据库中要么全部反映,要么全部不反映,以保证数据库的一致性。
ii. 一致性(Consistency)
事务的一致性是指数据库在事务操作前和事务处理后,其中数据必须满足业务的规则约束。
iii. 隔离性(Isolation)
隔离性是指数据库允许多个并发的事务同时对其中的数据进行读或修改的能力,隔离性可以防止多个事务的并发执行时,由于它们的操作命令交叉执行而导致数据的不一致性。
iv. 持久性(durability)
事务的持久性是指在事务处理结束后,它对数据的修改应该是永久的。即便是系统在遇到故障的情况下也不会丢失,这是数据的重要性决定的。
三、数据异常
a) 事务的隔离性定义了一个事务与其它事务的隔离程度.为了更好的理解隔离层,首先讨论一下并发事务对同一个数据库进行访问可能发生的情况.在并发事务中总体来说会发生
i. 错读 |脏读
错读|脏读:当一个事务修改数据时,另一事务读取了该数据,但是第一事务由于某种原因取消对数据修改,使数据返回了原状态,这是第二个事务读取的数据与数据库中数据不一致.这就叫错读。
ii. 非重复读取|不可重复读
非重复读取:是指一个事务读取数据库中的数据后,另一个事务则更新了数据,当第一个事务再次读取其中的数据时,就会发现数据已经发生了改变,这就是非重复读取。非重复读取所导致的结果就是一个事务前后两次读取的数据不相同。
iii. 假读|幻读
假读:如果一个事务基于某个条件读取数据后,另一个事务则更新了同一个表中的数据,这时第一个事务再次读取数据时,根据搜索的条件返回了不同的行,这就是假读。
b) 事务中遇到的这些异常与事务的隔离性设置有关,事务的隔离性设置越多,异常就出现的越少,但并发效果就越低,事务的隔离性设置越少,异常出现的越多,并发效果越高。

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