Oracle笔记:创建视图
视图这个名词太抽象了,乍一看完全不明白是什么意思,更不知道有何用处,其实了解清楚它的含义后你就会恍然大悟。表和视图的区别
视图这个名词太抽象了,乍一看完全不明白是什么意思,更不知道有何用处,其实了解清楚它的含义后你就会恍然大悟。表和视图的区别,表是占用硬盘空间物理表,而视图可以理解为一个虚表,并不存储在硬盘上,不占用硬盘空间,实际上就是一个查询语句,方便查询。对视图里面的数据操作(增、删、改) 其实就是对真实的表增、删、改,它们始终保持一致性。
为什么还需要视图 ?
视图可以理解成一个封装过的表,,例如不让用户清楚知道表的某些字段信息,比较安全。
延续之前的表tableA,创建一个select * from tableA的视图a_view:
SQL>CREATE VIEW a_view AS SELECT * FROM tableA;
SQL>SELECT * FROM a_view;
视图创建成功,查询a_view的结果,和select * from tableA结果一样。
如果创建视图时提示以下错误,说明该用户没有创建视图的权限,需要用后面的方法进行授权。
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
----------------------------------
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> grant connect,dba to user;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn user/password
Connected.
往视图插入一条记录
SQL> INSERT INTO a_view(id,name,age) VALUES(106,'susan',23);
记录被成功添加进视图中,同时也加进了表里。
修改视图:与创建视图不同,创建视图使用create创建,而修改视图是用create or replace。如果要设置视图只读权限,可以在SQL语句末尾添加with read only。设为只读之后如果再往视图里添加记录的话,Oracle即会报错,如下图所示。
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW a_view AS SELECT * FROM tableA WITH READ ONLY;
如果要添加有额外条件的查询视图,可以在末尾加上条件。例如查询年龄大于等于24岁的人,可用下图所示的方式:
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW a_view AS SELECT * FROM tableA where age>=24;
多表查询视图,如果表tableA和tableB的字段ID有相同记录的话,把相应的tableA的name字段记录和tableB的class、grade字段记录罗列出来,创建到视图b_view里,如下图所示:
SQL> CREATE VIEW b_view as select a.name,b.class,b.grade from tableA a,tableB b where a.id=b.id;
最后有关查看视图中所包含的字段,方法和查看表的一样
SQL>DESC b_view;

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