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编写PHP程序检查字符串中的中文字符个数的实例分享_php实例

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:08 PM
php Chinese characters string

有时候我们需要计算一个字符串中包含的字数,对于纯英文字符串,字数等于字符串长度,用
strlen函数即可获得,但如果字符串中包含中文怎办?mb_strlen可以实现,但不幸没装扩展,那就自己实现一下吧。

php有一个扩展一般是必装的,我们可以使用mb_strlen来获取字符串中的字数,用法一般如下:

$len = mb_strlen("你是我的小苹果","utf-8");
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如愿获得字符串长度:7.

如果没装mb扩展呢?自己实现一下吧。

我们要先明白一个事实:字符串是由字符组成的,而字符是由字节表示的,每个英文字符是一个字节,对应一个ascii码,英文字符的ascii码是小于128的,也就是十六进制的 0x80 .当一个字节的ascii码超过了127,那就说明当前字节不是一个完整的字符。

比如

$str = "你是我的小苹果";
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中的$str{0}可以取到第一个字节,我们来看一下它是啥:

php > $str = "你是我的小苹果";
php > echo $str{0};
�
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是个乱码,它只是

复制代码 代码如下:

字的字节之一,也就是说,
复制代码 代码如下:

这个字符是由超过一个字节组成的,我们这样试试:

php > echo $str{0}.$str{1}.$str{2};
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可以看到,将三个字节连在一起输出,就成了一个完整的

复制代码 代码如下:

至于这里为什么是三个字节,而不是两个或4个?这个取决于字符串的编码,我这里控制台默认是utf8编码的,在PHP中,一个utf8字符是用三个字节表达的,如果是gbk编码,则会是两个字节。至于编码和字节的关系,这个话题比较大,一篇说不完,请参考这篇文章:字符编码笔记:ascii,unicode和utf8 。

知道了这些,我们就可以自己编写一个字数检查的函数了,大致流程如下:

1.for循环遍历字节 2.判断字节编码是否 >= 0x80,是的话跳过N个字节

我写了个简单的函数,可以判断gbk或utf8字符串的长度,仅供参考:

<&#63;php

function mbstrlen($str,$encoding="utf8")
{

  if (($len = strlen($str)) == 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  $encoding = strtolower($encoding);

  if ($encoding == "utf8" or $encoding == "utf-8") {
    $step = 3;
  } elseif ($encoding == "gbk" or $encoding == "gb2312") {
    $step = 2;
  } else {
    return false;
  }

  $count = 0;
  for ($i=0; $i<$len; $i++) {
    $count++;
    //如果字节码大于127,则根据编码跳几个字节
    if (ord($str{$i}) >= 0x80) {
      $i = $i + $step - 1;//之所以减去1,因为for循环本身还要$i++
    }
  }
  return $count;
}

echo mbstrlen(iconv("utf-8","gbk","你是我的小苹果"),"gbk");
echo mbstrlen("你是我的小苹果");
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