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Oracle 入门之rman备份概述

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:58 PM
oracle database

RMAN 是ORACLE 提供的一个备份与恢复的工具,可以用来备份和还原数据库文件、归档日志和控制文件。它也可以用来执行完全或不完全

RMAN 是Oracle 提供的一个备份与恢复的工具,可以用来备份和还原数据库文件、归档日志和控制文件。它也可以用来执行完全或不完全的数据库恢复。RMAN 可以由命令行接口或者OEM的Backup Manager GUI来控制。个人认为DBA最重要的工作之一就是备份,当出现数据丢失或损坏的情况时,之前可用的备份的价值就能立竿见影的体现出来,因此很有必要把rman学习研究透(在此先感谢网友飞翔分享的rman文档和boobooke小布老师的视频讲座),,下面先来简要介绍下rman的基本概念和常见备份方法;

1:RMAN 主要包括以下组件:
Target Database: (目标数据库)就是需要RMAN 对其进行备份与恢复的数据库,RMAN 可以备份数据文件,控制文件,归档日志,spfile。(注意:RMAN 不能用于备份联机日志、初始化参数文件和口令文件);

Server Session: (服务器会话) RMAN 启动数据库上的Oracle 服务器进程,将建立一个与目标数据库的会话。由目标数据库上的服务器进程进行备份、还原、恢复的实际操作;

服务器进程:RMAN 的服务进程是一个后台进程,用于与RMAN 工具与数据库之间的通信,也用于RMAN 工具与磁盘/磁带等I/O 设置之间的通信,服务进程负责备份与恢复的所有工作;

Channel: (通道) 一个通道是RMAN 和目标数据库之间的一个连接,"allocate channel"命令在目标数据库,启动一个服务器进程,同时必须定义服务器进程执行备份或者恢复操作使用的I/O类型;
通道控制命令可以用来:
控制RMAN 使用的O/S资源,影响并行度
指定I/O带宽的限制值(设置limit read rate 参数)
定义备份片大小的限制(设置limit kbytes)
指定当前打开文件的限制值(设置limit maxopenfiles)

recovery catalog: (恢复目录)用来保存备份与恢复信息的一个数据库,不建议创建在目标数据库上。RMAN 利用恢复目录记载的信息去判断如何执行需要的备份恢复操作。如果不采用恢复目录,备份信息可以存在于目标数据库的control file中;

2:概念述语
Backup Sets (备份集合):备份集合的特性:包括一个或多个数据文件或归档日志,以oracle 专有的格式保存,有一个完全的所有的备份片集合构成,构成一个完全备份或增量备份;

Backup Pieces (备份片):一个备份集由若干个备份片组成。每个备份片是一个单独的输出文件。一个备份片的大小是有限制的;如果没有大小的限制, 备份集就只由一个备份片构成。备份片的大小不能大于使用的文件系统所支持的文件长度的最大值;

Image Copies镜像备份:镜像备份是独立文件(数据文件、归档日志、控制文件)的备份。它很类似操作系统级的文件备份。它不是备份集或备份片,也没有被压缩;

Full backup Sets全备份集合:全备份是一个或多个数据文件中使用过的数据块的的备份。没有使用过的数据块是不被备份的,也就是说,oracle 进行备份集合的压缩;

Incremental backup sets增量备份集合:增量备份是指备份一个或多个数据文件的自从上一次同一级别的或更低级别的备份以来被修改过的数据块。与完全备份相同,增量备份也进行压缩;

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