Oracle的rowid和rdba庖丁解牛
Oracle 8以下ROWID组成(也叫受限Rowid)为:FFFF.BBBBBBBB.RRRR,占用6个字节(10bit file#+22bit+16bit),但是,为了扩充的需
Oracle 8以下ROWID组成(也叫受限Rowid)为:FFFF.BBBBBBBB.RRRR,占用6个字节(10bit file#+22bit+16bit),但是,为了扩充的需要,如数据文件的扩充,现在的Rowid改为:OOOOOOFFFBBBBBBRRR,占用10个字节(32bit+10bit rfile#+22bit+16bit)。其中,O是对象ID,F是文件ID,B是块ID,R是行ID。由于rowid的组成从file#变成了rfile#,所以数据文件数的限制也从整个库不能超过1023个变成了每个表空间不能超过1023个数据文件。
注意:这里的O,,代表的是data_object_id,是与段物理存储位置相关的一个信息,因为一个段对象只可能在一个表空间上,data_object_id能唯一确认ts#,而data_object_id + rfile#就能最终定位到该rowid在那个确定的物理数据文件。
如果我们查询一个表的ROWID,就可以获得object的信息,文件信息,块信息与行信息等等,如根据其中块的信息,可以知道该表确切占用了多少个块,每行在哪个块上,哪个数据文件上。
我们在select数据时候,在不指定排序字段时, oracle是按rowid升序取数据的。如
SQL> select t.id,rowid from skate.tab2 t;
ID ROWID
---------- ------------------
1067511 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAA
1067513 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAB
1067515 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAC
1067517 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAD
1067519 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAE
1067523 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAG
1067525 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAH
1067527 AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAI
8 rows selected
SQL>
可以从上面的显示数据看到,是按rowid降序排列。我们拿rowid “AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAA”来说明
Data Object number =AAAO1l
File id =AAE
Block id =AAAHKk
Row =AAA
Rowid是64进制的,可以通过进制转化工具来查看()
A-Z 0 - 25 (26)
a-z 26 - 51 (26)
0-9 52 - 61 (10)
+/ 62 - 63 (2)
拿其中的Data Object number= AAAO1l为例子,
l是64进制中的37,位置为0
37 * (64 ^ 0) = 37
1是64进制中的53,位置为1
53 * (64 ^ 1) = 3392
O是64进制中的 14,位置为2
14*(64^2)=57344
A是64进制中的 0
所以
A * (64 ^ 3) = 0
A * (64 ^ 4) = 0
A * (64 ^ 5) = 0
则有AAAO1l= 0 + 0 + 0 + 57344+ 3392 + 37 = 60773,表示该行存在的对象,对应的对象号为60773。
手工算还是比较麻烦的,oracle为此提供相应的函数dbms_rowid来实现
SQL> select dbms_rowid.rowid_object('AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAA') data_object_id#,
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno('AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAA') rfile#,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number('AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAA') block#,
4 dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number('AAAO1lAAEAAAHKkAAA') row# from dual;
DATA_OBJECT_ID# RFILE# BLOCK# ROW#
--------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
60773 4 29348 0
可以通过包的说明或者oracle官方手册了解更多,例如:
SQL> desc dbms_rowid
Element Type
---------------------- ---------
ROWID_TYPE_RESTRICTED CONSTANT
ROWID_TYPE_EXTENDED CONSTANT
ROWID_IS_VALID CONSTANT
ROWID_IS_INVALID CONSTANT
ROWID_OBJECT_UNDEFINED CONSTANT
ROWID_CONVERT_INTERNAL CONSTANT
ROWID_CONVERT_EXTERNAL CONSTANT
ROWID_INVALID EXCEPTION
ROWID_BAD_BLOCK EXCEPTION
ROWID_CREATE FUNCTION
ROWID_INFO PROCEDURE
ROWID_TYPE FUNCTION
ROWID_OBJECT FUNCTION
ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO FUNCTION
ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER FUNCTION
ROWID_ROW_NUMBER FUNCTION
ROWID_TO_ABSOLUTE_FNO FUNCTION
ROWID_TO_EXTENDED FUNCTION
ROWID_TO_RESTRICTED FUNCTION
ROWID_VERIFY FUNCTION
SQL> desc dbms_rowid.rowid_info
Parameter Type Mode Default?
------------- -------- ---- --------
ROWID_IN ROWID IN
ROWID_TYPE NUMBER OUT
OBJECT_NUMBER NUMBER OUT
RELATIVE_FNO NUMBER OUT
BLOCK_NUMBER NUMBER OUT
ROW_NUMBER NUMBER OUT
TS_TYPE_IN VARCHAR2 IN Y
如果明白了以上ROWID的含义,那么就很容易理解块的地址rdba了,也就是ROWID中的FFFBBBBBB部分,10bit rfile#+22bit,如我们分析一个块地址:
rdba: 0x010072a4
把0x010072a4转化为10进制16806564
SQL> select dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(16806564) "file",
2 dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(16806564) "block"
3 from dual;
file block
---------- ----------
4 29348
SQL>
现在通过块的dba知道了file和block,那怎样确认我们推到的正确呢? 这个块地址是dump文件的内容,我们可以去dump文件核对下
Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#: 4 minblk 29348 maxblk 29348
buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x010072a4 (4/29348)
scn: 0x0000.00e66a1e seq: 0x02 flg: 0x06 tail: 0x6a1e0602
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x4590 type: 0x06=trans data
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
结果我们推导的和dump的内容是一样的,不过这里得到的4是rfile#,相对文件号,而相对文件号是不能超过1023,所以,如果你想根据这个地址来dump数据文件块的话,最好还是核对一下v$datafile:
select file# from v$datafile where rfile# = 4 and ts# = <:dbfile_in_ts>
表空间的ts#可以通过如下sql得到:
select ta.tablespace_name, da.TS#
from dba_tablespaces ta, dba_data_files df, v$datafile da
where ta.tablespace_name = df.tablespace_name
and da.NAME = df.file_name
例如:
SQL> select file# from v$datafile where rfile# = 4 and ts# = 4;
FILE#
----------
4
SQL>
如果数据文件数大于1023个,这里file# 就不是4了,应该是个绝对文件号了,这就是file#和rfile#的区别。如果dump数据块,要用绝对文件号的,例如:
Alter system dump datafile 4 block 29348;
也可以通过dba_segments,如
SQL> select header_file,header_block from dba_segments where owner='SKATE' and segment_name='TAB2';
HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
----------- ------------
4 29347
这里段头占有一个block,后面存储的就是数据,所以存储数据的块,应该是29348
-----end-----

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Solutions to Oracle cannot be opened include: 1. Start the database service; 2. Start the listener; 3. Check port conflicts; 4. Set environment variables correctly; 5. Make sure the firewall or antivirus software does not block the connection; 6. Check whether the server is closed; 7. Use RMAN to recover corrupt files; 8. Check whether the TNS service name is correct; 9. Check network connection; 10. Reinstall Oracle software.

The method to solve the Oracle cursor closure problem includes: explicitly closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement. Declare the cursor in the FOR UPDATE clause so that it automatically closes after the scope is ended. Declare the cursor in the USING clause so that it automatically closes when the associated PL/SQL variable is closed. Use exception handling to ensure that the cursor is closed in any exception situation. Use the connection pool to automatically close the cursor. Disable automatic submission and delay cursor closing.

In Oracle, the FOR LOOP loop can create cursors dynamically. The steps are: 1. Define the cursor type; 2. Create the loop; 3. Create the cursor dynamically; 4. Execute the cursor; 5. Close the cursor. Example: A cursor can be created cycle-by-circuit to display the names and salaries of the top 10 employees.

To stop an Oracle database, perform the following steps: 1. Connect to the database; 2. Shutdown immediately; 3. Shutdown abort completely.

Building a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a CentOS system requires multiple steps. This article provides a brief configuration guide. 1. Prepare to install JDK in the early stage: Install JavaDevelopmentKit (JDK) on all nodes, and the version must be compatible with Hadoop. The installation package can be downloaded from the Oracle official website. Environment variable configuration: Edit /etc/profile file, set Java and Hadoop environment variables, so that the system can find the installation path of JDK and Hadoop. 2. Security configuration: SSH password-free login to generate SSH key: Use the ssh-keygen command on each node

Oracle is not only a database company, but also a leader in cloud computing and ERP systems. 1. Oracle provides comprehensive solutions from database to cloud services and ERP systems. 2. OracleCloud challenges AWS and Azure, providing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS services. 3. Oracle's ERP systems such as E-BusinessSuite and FusionApplications help enterprises optimize operations.

When Oracle log files are full, the following solutions can be adopted: 1) Clean old log files; 2) Increase the log file size; 3) Increase the log file group; 4) Set up automatic log management; 5) Reinitialize the database. Before implementing any solution, it is recommended to back up the database to prevent data loss.

SQL statements can be created and executed based on runtime input by using Oracle's dynamic SQL. The steps include: preparing an empty string variable to store dynamically generated SQL statements. Use the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or PREPARE statement to compile and execute dynamic SQL statements. Use bind variable to pass user input or other dynamic values to dynamic SQL. Use EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or EXECUTE to execute dynamic SQL statements.
