MySQL数据库导入导出详解
MySQL数据库的导入,有两种方法:1) 先导出数据库SQL脚本,再导入;2) 直接拷贝数据库目录和文件。在不同操作系统或MySQL版本情况
1. 概述
MySQL数据库的导入,有两种方法:
1) 先导出数据库SQL脚本,再导入;
2) 直接拷贝数据库目录和文件。
在不同操作系统或MySQL版本情况下,直接拷贝文件的方法可能会有不兼容的情况发生。
所以一般推荐用SQL脚本形式导入。下面分别介绍两种方法。
2. 方法一 SQL脚本形式
操作步骤如下:
2.1. 导出SQL脚本
在原数据库服务器上,可以用phpMyAdmin工具,或者mysqldump命令行,导出SQL脚本。
2.1.1 用phpMyAdmin工具
导出选项中,选择导出“结构”和“数据”,不要添加“DROP DATABASE”和“DROP TABLE”选项。
选中“另存为文件”选项,如果数据比较多,可以选中“gzipped”选项。
将导出的SQL文件保存下来。
2.1.2 用mysqldump命令行
命令格式
mysqldump -u用户名 -p 数据库名 > 数据库名.sql
范例:
mysqldump -uroot -p abc > abc.sql
(导出数据库abc到abc.sql文件)
提示输入密码时,输入该数据库用户名的密码。
2.2. 创建空的数据库
通过主控界面/控制面板,创建一个数据库。假设数据库名为abc,数据库全权用户为abc_f。
2.3. 将SQL脚本导入执行
同样是两种方法,一种用phpMyAdmin(mysql数据库管理)工具,或者mysql命令行。
2.3.1 用phpMyAdmin工具
从控制面板,选择创建的空数据库,点“管理”,进入管理工具页面。
在"SQL"菜单中,浏览选择刚才导出的SQL文件,点击“执行”以上载并执行。
注意:phpMyAdmin对上载的文件大小有限制,,php本身对上载文件大小也有限制,如果原始sql文件
比较大,可以先用gzip对它进行压缩,对于sql文件这样的文本文件,可获得1:5或更高的压缩率。
gzip使用方法:
# gzip xxxxx.sql
得到
xxxxx.sql.gz文件。
2.3.2 用mysql命令行
命令格式
mysql -u用户名 -p 数据库名
范例:
mysql -uabc_f -p abc
(导出数据库abc到abc.sql文件)
提示输入密码时,输入该数据库用户名的密码。

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