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Oracle SQL基础知识

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:54 PM
oracle database

一、DataBase保存数据,以表的形式表现数据二、SQLSQL(structure query language 结构化查询语言),是操作关系型数据库中的对象

一、DataBase

保存数据,以表的形式表现数据

二、SQL

SQL(structure query language  结构化查询语言),是操作关系型数据库中的对象

DDL(data definition language 数据定义语言),用于建表或删表操作,以及对表约束进行修改。

create table , alter table , drop table 对表结构的增、删、改操作。

DML(Data manipulation language 数据操作语言),向表中插入纪录,修改纪录

insert , update , delete

transaction,事务控制语言,由DML语句组成的,commit; ,rollback,savepoint

select 查询语句

dcl 数据控制语言,授权语句 grant,revoke

alter session alter system

三、Oracle

DB (database)

DBMS 数据库管理系统(database management system)

DBA 数据库管理员

数据库管理系统有:ms微软的sql server,

IBM的db2,imformix,

mysql,

oracle的oracle920,

sybase的ase

四、相关操作

echo $PATH 配置环境变量,加/oracledata/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin,把oracle命令加上

echo $ORACLE_SID  查看Oracle数据库的实例,实例是访问数据库的方法。缺省端口号是:1521

1、sqlplus 访问数据库命令(本地访问/远程访问),和数据库建立连接的命令,是数据库操作的环境

sqlplus 用户名/密码

2、show user 显示当前用户的用户名

改变身份可以直接connect 用户名/密码   --- 这个是sqlplus命令

在sqlplus中可以使用 ! 可以在shell和sqlplus间切换,!shell命令可以在sqlplus中使用shell命令。

实际上是sqlplus开了子进程来执行shell命令。

3、Oracle数据库中的表分两类:用户表(用户使用操作的表),系统表(数据库系统维护的表,也叫数据字典)

对用户表的DDL操作触发了对系统表的DML操作!

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