Oracle SQL基础知识
一、DataBase保存数据,以表的形式表现数据二、SQLSQL(structure query language 结构化查询语言),是操作关系型数据库中的对象
一、DataBase
保存数据,以表的形式表现数据
二、SQL
SQL(structure query language 结构化查询语言),是操作关系型数据库中的对象
DDL(data definition language 数据定义语言),用于建表或删表操作,以及对表约束进行修改。
create table , alter table , drop table 对表结构的增、删、改操作。
DML(Data manipulation language 数据操作语言),向表中插入纪录,修改纪录
insert , update , delete
transaction,事务控制语言,由DML语句组成的,commit; ,rollback,savepoint
select 查询语句
dcl 数据控制语言,授权语句 grant,revoke
alter session alter system
三、Oracle
DB (database)
DBMS 数据库管理系统(database management system)
DBA 数据库管理员
数据库管理系统有:ms微软的sql server,
IBM的db2,imformix,
mysql,
oracle的oracle920,
sybase的ase
四、相关操作
echo $PATH 配置环境变量,加/oracledata/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin,把oracle命令加上
echo $ORACLE_SID 查看Oracle数据库的实例,实例是访问数据库的方法。缺省端口号是:1521
1、sqlplus 访问数据库命令(本地访问/远程访问),和数据库建立连接的命令,是数据库操作的环境
sqlplus 用户名/密码
2、show user 显示当前用户的用户名
改变身份可以直接connect 用户名/密码 --- 这个是sqlplus命令
在sqlplus中可以使用 ! 可以在shell和sqlplus间切换,!shell命令可以在sqlplus中使用shell命令。
实际上是sqlplus开了子进程来执行shell命令。
3、Oracle数据库中的表分两类:用户表(用户使用操作的表),系统表(数据库系统维护的表,也叫数据字典)
对用户表的DDL操作触发了对系统表的DML操作!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

Solutions to Oracle cannot be opened include: 1. Start the database service; 2. Start the listener; 3. Check port conflicts; 4. Set environment variables correctly; 5. Make sure the firewall or antivirus software does not block the connection; 6. Check whether the server is closed; 7. Use RMAN to recover corrupt files; 8. Check whether the TNS service name is correct; 9. Check network connection; 10. Reinstall Oracle software.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

The method to solve the Oracle cursor closure problem includes: explicitly closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement. Declare the cursor in the FOR UPDATE clause so that it automatically closes after the scope is ended. Declare the cursor in the USING clause so that it automatically closes when the associated PL/SQL variable is closed. Use exception handling to ensure that the cursor is closed in any exception situation. Use the connection pool to automatically close the cursor. Disable automatic submission and delay cursor closing.

In Oracle, the FOR LOOP loop can create cursors dynamically. The steps are: 1. Define the cursor type; 2. Create the loop; 3. Create the cursor dynamically; 4. Execute the cursor; 5. Close the cursor. Example: A cursor can be created cycle-by-circuit to display the names and salaries of the top 10 employees.

To stop an Oracle database, perform the following steps: 1. Connect to the database; 2. Shutdown immediately; 3. Shutdown abort completely.

Oracle is not only a database company, but also a leader in cloud computing and ERP systems. 1. Oracle provides comprehensive solutions from database to cloud services and ERP systems. 2. OracleCloud challenges AWS and Azure, providing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS services. 3. Oracle's ERP systems such as E-BusinessSuite and FusionApplications help enterprises optimize operations.

Building a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a CentOS system requires multiple steps. This article provides a brief configuration guide. 1. Prepare to install JDK in the early stage: Install JavaDevelopmentKit (JDK) on all nodes, and the version must be compatible with Hadoop. The installation package can be downloaded from the Oracle official website. Environment variable configuration: Edit /etc/profile file, set Java and Hadoop environment variables, so that the system can find the installation path of JDK and Hadoop. 2. Security configuration: SSH password-free login to generate SSH key: Use the ssh-keygen command on each node
