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Oracle过程中执行动态SQL或DDL语句

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:53 PM
oracle

如果你用的是 Oracle 8i 及以上的版本,那简单,在过程中用 execute immediate sql_str 就行, sql_str 是一个拼凑的 SQL 语句,

如果你用的是 Oracle 8i 及以上的版本,那简单,在过程中用 execute immediate sql_str 就行, sql_str 是一个拼凑的 SQL 语句,但这个动态语句中带参数,或 Select 的结果要 into 到变量中时就要稍加留心一下了。而在 8i 以前的版本(谁还用这么古老的玩艺,总有些不得已的地方,老系统考虑升级成本遗留下来的,应用软件所伴随着的等),都没法用 execute immediate,,就得使用 DBMS_SQL 包来实现了

何谓动态 SQL 和 DDL 语句呢?通常在过程中要操作的表名、字段名都必须是明确的,否则编译过程时就要报错,但如果这两者也用变量名来表示就是动态的。DDL 就是数据库对象定义的操作,如 CREATE TABLE/VIEW/INDEX/SYN/CLUSTER……,及这些对象的删除、修改操作等等。

比如在 Oracle 中有执行下面过程块的意图时,就要使用到 execute immediate 或是 DBMS_SQL 包了。当然下面的语句块是通不过的。

declare

col_name varchar2(30) := 'name'; --假定表user存在name字段

col_val  varchar2(30);

begin

select col_name into col_val --按照惯常思维,可能就会这么写

from user where age between 18 and 25;   --编译时会提示列名不存在的

drop table t2;  --不能直接执行 DDL 语句,后面查询 t2 编译器就无能为力了

end;

现在我们提出对上面问题的解,针对第一个 Select 语句来说明,并假设查询中还带有参数。块中的 DDL 也是类似的解法。例子因力图涵盖更多内容,所以稍显复杂,如果不需要 into (如 update/delete 语句),或者不带参数,会简单多了,应不难简化。有两种处理方法,以 8i  为分水岭。

1. Oracle 8i 及以上版本的过程中处理动态 SQL 语句的办法

declare

v_col_name varchar2(30) := 'name'; --字段名 name 用变量来表示

v_user_name  varchar2(30); --用户名称

v_user_age  integer;       --用户年龄

v_sql_str  varchar2(500);  --动态 SQL 语句

begin

v_sql_str := 'select '||v_col_name||',age from users --字段名后面不能紧随 into 到变量了

where age between :start_age and :end_age and rownum=1'; --两个命名参数

--用 execute immediate 动态执行 SQL 语句

--注意其后的 into 字段值到变量的写法,还有 using 来代入参数

execute immediate v_sql_str into v_user_name,v_user_age using 18,25;

dbms_output.put_line('第一个符合条件的用户:'||v_user_name||',年龄:'||v_user_age);

end;

除此之外,在 Oracle 8i 及以上版本中,还能用 DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(ddl_sql_str) 执行 DDL 语句。

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