Home Database Mysql Tutorial 关于sysdba,sysoper,dba的区别

关于sysdba,sysoper,dba的区别

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:43 PM
dba

关于sysdba,sysoper,dba这些名词在工作中可能接触的比较多,如果接触的环境是服务器端的,sysdba可能是经常用到的。如果是数据库

关于sysdba,sysoper,dba这些名词在工作中可能接触的比较多,如果接触的环境是服务器端的,sysdba可能是经常用到的。如果是数据库的维护工作,dba就是必备的权限。

在Oracle的官方文档中给出了sysdba和sysoper的区别。我在这个基础上又加入了一些东西做点补充。

标黄的部分是sysdba和sysoper的不同之处。这两个特殊的系统权限和dba权限还是有着明显的差别。

System PrivilegeOperations Authorized

SYSDBA

  • Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
  • ALTER DATABASE: open, mount, back up, or change character set

  • CREATE DATABASE

  • DROP DATABASE

  • CREATE SPFILE

  • ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG

  • ALTER DATABASE RECOVER

  • Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege

  • Effectively, this system privilege allows a user to connect as user SYS.

    SYSOPER

  • Perform STARTUP and SHUTDOWN operations
  • CREATE SPFILE

  • ALTER DATABASE OPEN/MOUNT/BACKUP

  • ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG

  • ALTER DATABASE RECOVER (Complete recovery only. Any form of incomplete recovery, such as UNTIL TIME|CHANGE|CANCEL|CONTROLFILE requires connecting as SYSDBA.)

  • Includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege

  • #1  sys,system用户都是数据库创建时内置的用户。sys绑定的是sysdba系统权限,system绑定的是dba角色。
    sys的默认密码是CHANGE_ON_INSTALL,而system的默认密码是MANAGER

    #2  如果直接拿sys来登录,不使用sysdba,会有下面的错误。
    [ora11g@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle
     SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Nov 22 04:39:21 2014
     Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
     ERROR:
    ORA-28009: connection as SYS should be as SYSDBA or SYSOPER

    #3  sysdba对应的用户时SYS,而sysoper对应的用户PUBLIC
     SQL> conn / as sysoper
     Connected.
     SQL> show user
    USER is "PUBLIC"
     SQL> conn / as sysdba
     Connected.
     SQL> show user 
    USER is "SYS"

    #4 如果在服务端登录,随便用一个用户。因为设置了操作系统级的验证,所以都可以使用sysdba.
     SQL> conn test/test as sysdba
     Connected.

    如果使用了tns连接的情况下。就会校验test的权限。发现不具备sysdba的系统权限。
    SQL> conn test/tets@test01 as sysdba
     ERROR:
    ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

    #5  关于sys,不得不提到密码文件。如果没有密码文件。会报如下的错误。

    [ora11g@rac1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@test01 as sysdba

    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Nov 22 05:40:03 2014

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

    ERROR:
    ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
    创建了密码文件之后,就没有问题
     

    [ora11g@rac1 dbs]$ orapwd password=oracle file=orapwTEST01 entries=2
     [ora11g@rac1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@test01 as sysdba

    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Nov 22 05:40:37 2014

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
     Connected to:
     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
     With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

    SQL> exit

    #6 关于sysdba和dba的区别,可以通过如下的例子来简单示范一下。
     用户n1是dba用户。我们使用sysdba和dba权限的时候来看一下不同之处。

    [ora11g@rac1 dbs]$ sqlplus n1/n1 as sysdba

    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Nov 22 05:56:40 2014

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
     Connected to:
     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
     With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

    SQL> select count(*)from cat;

      COUNT(*)
     ----------
          4809

    SQL> conn n1/n1
     Connected.
     SQL> select count(*)from cat;

      COUNT(*)
     ----------
            406

     #7 sysdba具有的权限要远大于dba。我们平常使用的dba角色主要包括创建表,视图,索引等等的明细权限,,但是sysdba可以做数据库级的任何操作。

    在CentOS 6.4下安装Oracle 11gR2(x64)

    Oracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤

    本文永久更新链接地址:

    linux

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