Table of Contents
插入分析
Innodb引擎
测试环境
MyIASM引擎
总结
测试代码
参考
Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL大量数据插入各种方法性能分析与比较

MySQL大量数据插入各种方法性能分析与比较

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:41 PM
mysql analyze performance insert data method Compare

不管是日常业务数据处理中,还是数据库的导入导出,都可能遇到需要处理大量数据的插入。插入的方式和数据库引擎都会对插入速度造成影响,这篇文章旨在从理论和实践上对各种方法进行分析和比较,方便以后应用中插入方法的选择。 插入分析 MySQL中插入一个记录

不管是日常业务数据处理中,还是数据库的导入导出,都可能遇到需要处理大量数据的插入。插入的方式和数据库引擎都会对插入速度造成影响,这篇文章旨在从理论和实践上对各种方法进行分析和比较,方便以后应用中插入方法的选择。

插入分析

MySQL中插入一个记录需要的时间由下列因素组成,其中的数字表示大约比例:

  • 连接:(3)
  • 发送查询给服务器:(2)
  • 分析查询:(2)
  • 插入记录:(1x记录大小)
  • 插入索引:(1x索引)
  • 关闭:(1)

如果我们每插入一条都执行一个SQL语句,那么我们需要执行除了连接和关闭之外的所有步骤N次,这样是非常耗时的,优化的方式有一下几种:

  1. 在每个insert语句中写入多行,批量插入
  2. 将所有查询语句写入事务中
  3. 利用Load Data导入数据

每种方式执行的性能如下。

Innodb引擎

InnoDB 给 MySQL 提供了具有事务(commit)、回滚(rollback)和崩溃修复能力(crash recovery capabilities)的事务安全(transaction-safe (ACID compliant))型表。InnoDB 提供了行锁(locking on row level)以及外键约束(FOREIGN KEY constraints)。

InnoDB 的设计目标是处理大容量数据库系统,它的 CPU 利用率是其它基于磁盘的关系数据库引擎所不能比的。在技术上,InnoDB 是一套放在 MySQL 后台的完整数据库系统,InnoDB 在主内存中建立其专用的缓冲池用于高速缓冲数据和索引。

测试环境

Macbook Air 12mid apache2.2.26 php5.5.10 mysql5.6.16

总数100W条数据

插入完后数据库大小38.6MB(无索引),46.8(有索引)

  • 无索引单条插入 总耗时:229s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 有索引单条插入 总耗时:242s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 无索引批量插入 总耗时:10s 峰值内存:8643KB
  • 有索引批量插入 总耗时:16s 峰值内存:8643KB
  • 无索引事务插入 总耗时:78s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 有索引事务插入 总耗时:82s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 无索引Load Data插入 总耗时:12s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 有索引Load Data插入 总耗时:11s 峰值内存:246KB

MyIASM引擎

MyISAM 是MySQL缺省存贮引擎。设计简单,支持全文搜索。

测试环境

Macbook Air 12mid apache2.2.26 php5.5.10 mysql5.6.16

总数100W条数据

插入完后数据库大小19.1MB(无索引),38.6(有索引)

  • 无索引单条插入 总耗时:82s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 有索引单条插入 总耗时:86s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 无索引批量插入 总耗时:3s 峰值内存:8643KB
  • 有索引批量插入 总耗时:7s 峰值内存:8643KB
  • 无索引Load Data插入 总耗时:6s 峰值内存:246KB
  • 有索引Load Data插入 总耗时:8s 峰值内存:246KB

总结

我测试的数据量不是很大,不过可以大概了解这几种插入方式对于速度的影响,最快的必然是Load Data方式。这种方式相对比较麻烦,因为涉及到了写文件,但是可以兼顾内存和速度。

测试代码

<?php
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test';
$db = new PDO($dsn,'root','',array(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true));
//删除上次的插入数据
$db->query('delete from `test`');
//开始计时
$start_time = time();
$sum = 1000000;
// 测试选项
$num = 1;
if ($num == 1){
    // 单条插入
    for($i = 0; $i < $sum; $i++){
        $db->query("insert into `test` (`id`,`name`) values ($i,'tsetssdf')");
    }
} elseif ($num == 2) {
    // 批量插入,为了不超过max_allowed_packet,选择每10万插入一次
    for ($i = 0; $i < $sum; $i++) {
        if ($i == $sum - 1) { //最后一次
            if ($i%100000 == 0){
                $values = "($i, 'testtest')";
                $db->query("insert into `test` (`id`, `name`) values $values");
            } else {
                $values .= ",($i, 'testtest')";
                $db->query("insert into `test` (`id`, `name`) values $values");
            }
            break;
        }
        if ($i%100000 == 0) { //平常只有在这个情况下才插入
            if ($i == 0){
                $values = "($i, 'testtest')";
            } else {
                $db->query("insert into `test` (`id`, `name`) values $values");
                $values = "($i, 'testtest')";
            }
        } else {
            $values .= ",($i, 'testtest')";    
        }
    }
} elseif ($num == 3) {
    // 事务插入
    $db->beginTransaction(); 
    for($i = 0; $i < $sum; $i++){
        $db->query("insert into `test` (`id`,`name`) values ($i,'tsetssdf')");
    }
    $db->commit();
} elseif ($num == 4) {
    // 文件load data
    $filename = dirname(__FILE__).'/test.sql';
    $fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
    for($i = 0; $i < $sum; $i++){
        fputs($fp, "$i,'testtest'\r\n");    
    }
    $db->exec("load data infile '$filename' into table test fields terminated by ','");
}
$end_time = time();
echo "总耗时", ($end_time - $start_time), "秒\n";
echo "峰值内存", round(memory_get_peak_usage()/1000), "KB\n";
?>
Copy after login

参考

  1. MySQL: InnoDB 还是 MyISAM?
  2. mysql存储引擎:InnoDB和MyISAM的区别与优劣
  3. MySQL大数据量快速插入方法和语句优化
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Mandragora: Whispers Of The Witch Tree - How To Unlock The Grappling Hook
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1666
14
PHP Tutorial
1273
29
C# Tutorial
1255
24
Laravel Introduction Example Laravel Introduction Example Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:45 PM

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

MySQL and phpMyAdmin: Core Features and Functions MySQL and phpMyAdmin: Core Features and Functions Apr 22, 2025 am 12:12 AM

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison Apr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Laravel framework installation method Laravel framework installation method Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:54 PM

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

Solve MySQL mode problem: The experience of using the TheliaMySQLModesChecker module Solve MySQL mode problem: The experience of using the TheliaMySQLModesChecker module Apr 18, 2025 am 08:42 AM

When developing an e-commerce website using Thelia, I encountered a tricky problem: MySQL mode is not set properly, causing some features to not function properly. After some exploration, I found a module called TheliaMySQLModesChecker, which is able to automatically fix the MySQL pattern required by Thelia, completely solving my troubles.

Explain the purpose of foreign keys in MySQL. Explain the purpose of foreign keys in MySQL. Apr 25, 2025 am 12:17 AM

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.

Compare and contrast MySQL and MariaDB. Compare and contrast MySQL and MariaDB. Apr 26, 2025 am 12:08 AM

The main difference between MySQL and MariaDB is performance, functionality and license: 1. MySQL is developed by Oracle, and MariaDB is its fork. 2. MariaDB may perform better in high load environments. 3.MariaDB provides more storage engines and functions. 4.MySQL adopts a dual license, and MariaDB is completely open source. The existing infrastructure, performance requirements, functional requirements and license costs should be taken into account when choosing.

SQL vs. MySQL: Clarifying the Relationship Between the Two SQL vs. MySQL: Clarifying the Relationship Between the Two Apr 24, 2025 am 12:02 AM

SQL is a standard language for managing relational databases, while MySQL is a database management system that uses SQL. SQL defines ways to interact with a database, including CRUD operations, while MySQL implements the SQL standard and provides additional features such as stored procedures and triggers.

See all articles