用MySQL Procedure同时像级联表插入数据
一个月以来都没写博客,这篇博客的目的是提醒自己继续写下去,顺便记下笔记,看官若无兴趣请直接飘过。 级联表是关系数据库存储领域模型(Domain Model)中一对多关系的不二法门,比如“学生”和“班级”,实在是常用得很。创建表时建立外键关联,查询时使用
一个月以来都没写博客,这篇博客的目的是提醒自己继续写下去,顺便记下笔记,看官若无兴趣请直接飘过。
级联表是关系数据库存储领域模型(Domain Model)中一对多关系的不二法门,比如“学生”和“班级”,实在是常用得很。创建表时建立外键关联,查询时使用inner join或者多表联合查询非常便捷。不过插入数据则相对麻烦,因为关键关联的缘故,需要先插入主表,然后再插入从表,如果使用auto_increment主键,在插入从表之前必须获取刚刚插入主表时生成的ID。
举例来说,下面classes和students表通过外键class_id建立一对多关联:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS classes; DROP VIEW IF EXISTS student_in_class; CREATE TABLE classes( id serial, name CHAR(55) NOT NULL, UNIQUE KEY cls_name (name), PRIMARY KEY(id) ); CREATE TABLE students( NUMBER CHAR(11) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL, class_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(NUMBER), FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES classes(id) );
为了查询数据方便,创建一个视图,只是简单的执行级联查询:
CREATE VIEW student_in_class AS SELECT NUMBER, students.name stu_name, classes.name cls_name FROM students INNER JOIN classes ON classes.id=students.class_id;
对于之前提出的两个表同时插入数据的问题,熟悉MySQL的朋友都知道,用下面的方法就行了,先插入主表classes,然后通过last_insert_id()获取刚刚插入的id,最后向从表students插入数据。
START TRANSACTION; INSERT INTO classes(name) VALUE('Class 1'); INSERT INTO students(NUMBER, name, class_id) VALUES('001', 'Jim', last_insert_id()); commit;
不过这样还是有个问题,如果待插入的数据和主表中已有的数据有重复怎么办呢?因此笔者对以上语句进行简单的封装,使用MySQL存储过程实现整个过程,首先对主表进行查询,如果不存在待插入的数据再插入:
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS insert_stu; CREATE PROCEDURE insert_stu( cls_name CHAR(55), stu_num CHAR(11), stu_name VARCHAR(55)) BEGIN DECLARE cls_id BIGINT UNSIGNED; DECLARE cls_cnt INT; SELECT COUNT(*) INTO cls_cnt FROM classes WHERE name=cls_name; IF cls_cnt = 0 THEN INSERT INTO classes(name) VALUE(cls_name); SET cls_id = last_insert_id(); ELSE SELECT id INTO cls_id FROM classes WHERE name=cls_name; END IF; INSERT INTO students(NUMBER, name, class_id) VALUES(stu_num, stu_name, cls_id); END;
调用和检验该存储过程的方法如下:
CALL insert_stu('Class 1', '001', 'Bob'); CALL insert_stu('Class 2', '002', 'Jim'); CALL insert_stu('Class 1', '003', 'Li Lei'); SELECT * FROM student_in_class;
最后一句是使用之前创建的视图查看输出结果:
number stu_name cls_name 001 Bob Class 1 002 Jim Class 2 003 Li Lei Class 1
参考:
- Stackoverflow: Is it possible to insert into two tables at the same time?
- http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-procedure.html
- MySQL transaction commit
- MySQL last_insert_id() function
- MySQL If statement

原文地址:用MySQL Procedure同时像级联表插入数据, 感谢原作者分享。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

When developing an e-commerce website using Thelia, I encountered a tricky problem: MySQL mode is not set properly, causing some features to not function properly. After some exploration, I found a module called TheliaMySQLModesChecker, which is able to automatically fix the MySQL pattern required by Thelia, completely solving my troubles.
