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mongodb 备份 还原 导出 导入

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:33 PM
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mongodb数据备份和还原主要分为二种,一种是针对于库的mongodump和mongorestore,一种是针对库中表的mongoexport和mongoimport。 一,mongodump备份数据库 1,常用命令格 mongodump -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -o 文件存在路径 如果没有

mongodb数据备份和还原主要分为二种,一种是针对于库的mongodump和mongorestore,一种是针对库中表的mongoexport和mongoimport。

一,mongodump备份数据库

1,常用命令格

mongodump -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -o 文件存在路径
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如果没有用户谁,可以去掉-u和-p。
如果导出本机的数据库,可以去掉-h。
如果是默认端口,可以去掉--port。
如果想导出所有数据库,可以去掉-d。

2,导出所有数据库

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 -o /home/zhangy/mongodb/
connected to: 127.0.0.1
Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.448 all dbs
Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.449 DATABASE: test?? ? to ?? ?/home/zhangy/mongodb/test
Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.449 ?? ?test.system.indexes to /home/zhangy/mongodb/test/system.indexes.bson
Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.450 ?? ??? ? 1 objects
Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.450 ?? ?test.posts to /home/zhangy/mongodb/test/posts.bson
Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.480 ?? ??? ? 0 objects
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。省略。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
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3,导出指定数据库

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongodump -h 192.168.1.108 -d tank -o /home/zhangy/mongodb/
connected to: 192.168.1.108
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.618 DATABASE: tank?? ? to ?? ?/home/zhangy/mongodb/tank
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.623 ?? ?tank.system.indexes to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/system.indexes.bson
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.623 ?? ??? ? 2 objects
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.623 ?? ?tank.contact to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/contact.bson
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.669 ?? ??? ? 2 objects
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.670 ?? ?Metadata for tank.contact to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/contact.metadata.json
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.670 ?? ?tank.users to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/users.bson
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.685 ?? ??? ? 2 objects
Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.685 ?? ?Metadata for tank.users to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/users.metadata.json
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三,mongorestore还原数据库

1,常用命令格式

mongorestore -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 --drop 文件存在路径
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--drop的意思是,先删除所有的记录,然后恢复。

2,恢复所有数据库到mongodb中

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore /home/zhangy/mongodb/   #这里的路径是所有库的备份路径
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3,还原指定的数据库

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore -d tank /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/    #tank这个数据库的备份路径
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore -d tank_new  /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/    #将tank还有tank_new数据库中
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这二个命令,可以实现数据库的备份与还原,文件格式是json和bson的。无法指写到表备份或者还原。

四,mongoexport导出表,或者表中部分字段

1,常用命令格式

mongoexport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 -f 字段 -q 条件导出 --csv -o 文件名
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上面的参数好理解,重点说一下:

-f??? 导出指字段,以字号分割,-f name,email,age导出name,email,age这三个字段
-q??? 可以根查询条件导出,-q '{ "uid" : "100" }' 导出uid为100的数据
--csv 表示导出的文件格式为csv的,这个比较有用,因为大部分的关系型数据库都是支持csv,在这里有共同点

2,导出整张表

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users -o /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/users.dat
connected to: 127.0.0.1
exported 4 records
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3,导出表中部分字段

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users --csv -f uid,name,sex -o tank/users.csv
connected to: 127.0.0.1
exported 4 records
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4,根据条件敢出数据

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users -q '{uid:{$gt:1}}' -o tank/users.json
connected to: 127.0.0.1
exported 3 records
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五,mongoimport导入表,或者表中部分字段

1,常用命令格式

1.1,还原整表导出的非csv文件

mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsert --drop 文件名
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重点说一下--upsert,其他参数上面的命令已有提到,--upsert 插入或者更新现有数据

1.2,还原部分字段的导出文件

mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsertFields 字段 --drop 文件名
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--upsertFields根--upsert一样

1.3,还原导出的csv文件

mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --type 类型 --headerline --upsert --drop 文件名
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上面三种情况,还可以有其他排列组合的。

2,还原导出的表数据

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users --upsert tank/users.dat
connected to: 127.0.0.1
Tue Dec? 3 08:26:52.852 imported 4 objects
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3,部分字段的表数据导入

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users? --upsertFields uid,name,sex? tank/users.dat
connected to: 127.0.0.1
Tue Dec? 3 08:31:15.179 imported 4 objects
Copy after login

4,还原csv文件

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users --type csv --headerline --file tank/users.csv
connected to: 127.0.0.1
Tue Dec? 3 08:37:21.961 imported 4 objects
Copy after login

总体感觉,mongodb的备份与还原,还是挺强大的,虽然有点麻烦。

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